Here are the answers to your questions:
Question 1
A) Which description defines a claim?
Answer: an assertion that something is true
Question 2
A) How are reasons different from evidence?
Answer: Reasons tell why something is true, while evidence defends a point of view.
Question 3
A) Which statement is a strong claim?
Answer: Apples provide a variety of health benefits.
Question 4
A) Writing that tries to convince others to agree with your opinion on a topic is which kind of writing?
Answer: persuasive