As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, the countries in Central Asia and the Caucasus with the largest proven reserves of oil include:
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Azerbaijan: Azerbaijan is one of the most significant oil producers in the Caucasus region, with substantial proven reserves, particularly in the Caspian Sea.
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Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan has large oil reserves, mainly located in the Tengiz and Karachaganak fields. It is one of the leading oil producers in Central Asia.
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Turkmenistan: While primarily known for its natural gas reserves, Turkmenistan also has some oil production and proven reserves, especially in the Balkan region.
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Uzbekistan: Uzbekistan has smaller oil reserves compared to Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan but still remains a notable producer within the region.
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Georgia: Georgia has limited proven oil reserves compared to its neighbors, but it plays a strategic role in the transit of oil and gas.
These countries are key players in the energy sector in the region, particularly due to their geographical position and access to key export routes. The actual figures for reserves can fluctuate due to new discoveries and changes in extraction technology, so for the latest specific numbers, it may be best to consult updated reports from organizations such as the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) or the International Energy Agency (IEA).