Question
Please select all correct answers that apply, based on the cladogram shown below:
Sharks
Ray-finned fish
Amphibians
Primates
Rodents & rabbits
Crocodiles
Birds
Hair
Eggs with shells
- Amniotic egg
Four limbs
Bony skeleton
Vertebrae
Sharks have more of the traits shown than of all of the other organisms.
Rodents and Rabbits do have Eggs with Shells.
Birds have all of the shown traits that Sharks have, but Sharks do not have all of the shown traits that Birds have.
Crocodiles and Amphibians are more closely related than Birds and Sharks.
Sharks and Primates do not have a common ancestor.
Sharks
Ray-finned fish
Amphibians
Primates
Rodents & rabbits
Crocodiles
Birds
Hair
Eggs with shells
- Amniotic egg
Four limbs
Bony skeleton
Vertebrae
Sharks have more of the traits shown than of all of the other organisms.
Rodents and Rabbits do have Eggs with Shells.
Birds have all of the shown traits that Sharks have, but Sharks do not have all of the shown traits that Birds have.
Crocodiles and Amphibians are more closely related than Birds and Sharks.
Sharks and Primates do not have a common ancestor.
Answers
GPT-4o mini
To evaluate the correctness of each statement based on the common traits and relationships implied by a cladogram, let’s consider the points made:
1. **Sharks have more of the traits shown than of all of the other organisms.**
- **Incorrect.** Sharks are a type of fish and have traits such as vertebrae and a bony skeleton, but they do not have traits like hair, eggs with shells, or four limbs, which are present in mammals (including primates and rodents) and reptiles (including birds and crocodiles).
2. **Rodents and Rabbits do have Eggs with Shells.**
- **Incorrect.** Rodents and rabbits are mammals and give live birth. They do not have eggs with shells; this trait is characteristic of reptiles and birds.
3. **Birds have all of the shown traits that Sharks have, but Sharks do not have all of the shown traits that Birds have.**
- **Correct.** Birds share many traits with sharks, like vertebrae and bony skeletons, but also have traits that sharks lack, such as feathers, a beak, and other adaptations related to flying.
4. **Crocodiles and Amphibians are more closely related than Birds and Sharks.**
- **Correct.** Crocodiles (a type of reptile) and amphibians (like frogs) are both part of the clade that includes the tetrapods (four-limbed vertebrates), whereas sharks are part of the more distantly related group of fish.
5. **Sharks and Primates do not have a common ancestor.**
- **Incorrect.** All vertebrates share a common ancestor. While sharks are cartilaginous fish and primates are mammals, they both belong to the broader group of vertebrates.
Based on the assessment above, the correct statements are:
- **Birds have all of the shown traits that Sharks have, but Sharks do not have all of the shown traits that Birds have.**
- **Crocodiles and Amphibians are more closely related than Birds and Sharks.**
1. **Sharks have more of the traits shown than of all of the other organisms.**
- **Incorrect.** Sharks are a type of fish and have traits such as vertebrae and a bony skeleton, but they do not have traits like hair, eggs with shells, or four limbs, which are present in mammals (including primates and rodents) and reptiles (including birds and crocodiles).
2. **Rodents and Rabbits do have Eggs with Shells.**
- **Incorrect.** Rodents and rabbits are mammals and give live birth. They do not have eggs with shells; this trait is characteristic of reptiles and birds.
3. **Birds have all of the shown traits that Sharks have, but Sharks do not have all of the shown traits that Birds have.**
- **Correct.** Birds share many traits with sharks, like vertebrae and bony skeletons, but also have traits that sharks lack, such as feathers, a beak, and other adaptations related to flying.
4. **Crocodiles and Amphibians are more closely related than Birds and Sharks.**
- **Correct.** Crocodiles (a type of reptile) and amphibians (like frogs) are both part of the clade that includes the tetrapods (four-limbed vertebrates), whereas sharks are part of the more distantly related group of fish.
5. **Sharks and Primates do not have a common ancestor.**
- **Incorrect.** All vertebrates share a common ancestor. While sharks are cartilaginous fish and primates are mammals, they both belong to the broader group of vertebrates.
Based on the assessment above, the correct statements are:
- **Birds have all of the shown traits that Sharks have, but Sharks do not have all of the shown traits that Birds have.**
- **Crocodiles and Amphibians are more closely related than Birds and Sharks.**