Oversimplified as bloodthirsty, brutal barbarians.
Historians also see them as founders of major trade routes, cultural exchange, and even "nations."
Genghis Khan's Rule:
Temüjin was born in about 1162 and united Mongol tribes.
Reforms:
Promoted based on merit, not birth.
Lower classes of conquered people were integrated into his army and administration, while their aristocracy was killed.
Proclaimed Great Khan in 1206.
Military:.
Used siege warfare and gunpowder.
Tactics of terror through mass slaughter often led to surrender of cities without a fight.
Expansion of Empire:
From Mongolia to Caspian Sea by the death of Genghis Khan 1227
Divided after his death into four Khanates:
Yuan Dynasty (China)
Il-Khanate (Persia)
Chagatai Khanate (Central Asia)
Khanate of the Golden Horde (Russia).
Contributions ("Mongol Awesomeness"):
Trade: Reestablished Silk Road trade routes, made empire safe for commerce
Communication: Developed "Yam" system; relay stations with passports.
Cultural Exchange: Translocated skilled workers, such as artists and administrators.
Religious Tolerance: Tolerated all religions; did not impose their own.
Criticisms:
Bloodthirstiness: Massacres and destruction of entire cities.
Empire did not last long; for example, the Ming Dynasty replaced it in China.
No artistic or architectural patronage.
Spread of the Black Death due to trade/warfare.
Philosophical Reflections:
Legacy is defined by what each individual values; for example, art versus diversity, and fleeting empires versus enduring empires.
Questions the morality of imperialism and methods of warfare.
Defining Terms:
Pastoral Nomads: nomadic herders relying on trade, and generally leading egalitarian lives.
Kurultai: council in Mongolian empire; leaders were elected through votes - horses were used to vote.
Yam System: Mongolian communication network utilizing relay stations and riders.
Khanates: Divisions in the Mongol Empire following Genghis Khan's death.
Pax Mongolica: The Mongolian peace that led to trading and cultural exchanges.
Miscellaneous Facts
Mongols conquered a greater amount of land in 25 years than what the Romans could in 400.
It is estimated that 16 million people today are direct descendants of Genghis Khan. Possibly responsible for spreading the Black Death via trade routes. don't change nothing js format it as if it was notes
1 answer
The Mongols - Crash Course World History
Main Ideas
Stereotypes vs. Reality
Oversimplified as bloodthirsty, brutal barbarians.
Historians also see them as founders of major trade routes, cultural exchange, and even "nations."
Genghis Khan's Rule
Temüjin was born around 1162 and united Mongol tribes.
Reforms
Promoted based on merit, not birth.
Lower classes of conquered people were integrated into his army and administration, while their aristocracy was killed.
Proclaimed Great Khan in 1206.
Military
Used siege warfare and gunpowder.
Tactics of terror through mass slaughter often led to surrender of cities without a fight.
Expansion of Empire
From Mongolia to Caspian Sea by the death of Genghis Khan in 1227.
Divided after his death into four Khanates:
Yuan Dynasty (China)
Il-Khanate (Persia)
Chagatai Khanate (Central Asia)
Khanate of the Golden Horde (Russia)
Contributions ("Mongol Awesomeness")
Trade: Reestablished Silk Road trade routes, made the empire safe for commerce.
Communication: Developed the Yam system; relay stations with passports.
Cultural Exchange: Translocated skilled workers, such as artists and administrators.
Religious Tolerance: Tolerated all religions; did not impose their own.
Criticisms
Bloodthirstiness: Massacres and destruction of entire cities.
Empire did not last long; for example, the Ming Dynasty replaced it in China.
No artistic or architectural patronage.
Spread of the Black Death due to trade/warfare.
Philosophical Reflections
Legacy is defined by what each individual values; for example, art versus diversity, and fleeting empires versus enduring empires.
Questions the morality of imperialism and methods of warfare.
Defining Terms
Pastoral Nomads: Nomadic herders relying on trade, generally leading egalitarian lives.
Kurultai: Council in Mongolian empire; leaders were elected through votes - horses were used to vote.
Yam System: Mongolian communication network utilizing relay stations and riders.
Khanates: Divisions in the Mongol Empire following Genghis Khan's death.
Pax Mongolica: The Mongolian peace that led to trading and cultural exchanges.
Miscellaneous Facts
Mongols conquered a greater amount of land in 25 years than what the Romans could in 400.
It is estimated that 16 million people today are direct descendants of Genghis Khan. Possibly responsible for spreading the Black Death via trade routes.
1 answer