Question

Powers not expressly stated but inferred from the constitutions necessary and proper clause b. Reserved powers c. Implied powers d. Enumerated powers e. Concurrent powe

Answer 1

The terms you're asking about relate to the division and classification of powers within the U.S. federal system, particularly as they pertain to the Constitution. Let’s break down each of them:

a. **Implied powers** - These are powers that are not explicitly stated in the Constitution but are inferred from the Necessary and Proper Clause (also known as the Elastic Clause) in Article I, Section 8. This clause grants Congress the ability to pass laws required to carry out its enumerated powers. An example of implied powers is the establishment of the Federal Reserve System, which is not directly mentioned in the Constitution but is derived from Congress's powers to regulate commerce and manage the currency.

b. **Reserved powers** - These are powers that are not delegated to the federal government nor prohibited to the states by the Constitution, and are therefore reserved for the states. This principle is established by the Tenth Amendment. Examples of reserved powers include the regulation of education, conducting elections, and establishing local governments.

c. **Enumerated powers** - These are powers explicitly listed in the Constitution. They are mainly found in Article I, Section 8, and include powers such as the ability to tax, to declare war, to regulate commerce, and to raise and maintain armed forces.

d. **Concurrent powers** - These are powers that are shared by both the federal government and the state governments. Examples include the power to tax, to build roads, and to create lower courts.

Each of these categories plays a specific role in the framework of American government and defines the scope and limitations of governmental authority at both the federal and state levels.