The option that most effectively explains an economic benefit of cattle production using feedlots rather than grass pastures is Option C: "Agricultural technology has increased the economy of scale and the carrying capacity of feedlots, increasing profits for the farmer."
This option highlights that technological advancements have allowed for greater efficiency and productivity in feedlot operations, which can lead to higher profits compared to traditional grass pasture methods. The other options either state disadvantages, mixed benefits, or are less focused on the specific economic advantages of feedlots.