Question

Thabo is an intern at a company specialising in computer networking systems. His team has been given a new project to plan and implement the LAN network for a top auditing firm. Sam, Thabo’s mentor has requested Thabo to identify all the LAN components. Assist Thabo to identify and describe the purpose of LAN components. (12)

Answer 1

Certainly! Below is a list of key components required for a Local Area Network (LAN), along with their descriptions and purposes. This can assist Thabo in his task of planning and implementing the network for the auditing firm:

1. Network Interface Cards (NICs):

   • Purpose: These are hardware components installed in devices (computers, servers, printers, etc.) that allow them to connect to the LAN. Each NIC has a unique MAC address and handles the physical transmission of data over the network.

2. Switches:

   • Purpose: Switches are networking devices that connect multiple devices within the LAN. They receive incoming data packets and redirect them to their destination devices on the network using MAC addresses. Switches help improve network efficiency compared to traditional hubs.

3. Routers:

   • Purpose: A router connects different networks, such as the local network to the internet. It routes data packets between the devices on the local network and external networks, managing traffic and providing features like NAT (Network Address Translation) and DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol).

4. Cabling (Ethernet Cables):

   • Purpose: Ethernet cables (e.g., CAT5e, CAT6) are used to physically connect devices to switches, routers, or other network devices. They carry the electrical signals used for data transmission within the network.

5. Wireless Access Points (WAPs):

   • Purpose: WAPs expand wireless network coverage by allowing wireless devices to connect to the LAN. They serve as a bridge between wired and wireless devices, enabling laptop computers, smartphones, and tablets to access the network without cables.

6. Modems:

   • Purpose: Modems convert digital data from a computer to analog for transmission over telephone lines or cable systems and vice versa. In many cases, they connect to the router to allow internet access for the LAN.

7. Firewalls:

   • Purpose: A firewall is a security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It helps protect the network from unauthorized access and cyber threats.

8. Servers:

   • Purpose: Servers provide resources, data, services, or applications to other devices on the network. For example, a file server can store and manage files, while an application server can host software applications used by employees.

9. Network Operating System (NOS):

   • Purpose: A NOS is software that manages network resources, allowing devices to communicate and share files effectively. It provides essential services such as user authentication, file sharing, and printer access.

10. Patch Panels:

    • Purpose: Patch panels provide a centralized point to organize and manage network cabling. They allow for easy connection and disconnection of devices without the need for re-cabling throughout the entire LAN.

11. Power over Ethernet (PoE) Injectors/Switches:

    • Purpose: These devices allow network cables to carry electrical power along with data, enabling devices like IP cameras and access points to operate without needing separate power sources.

12. Network Management Systems (NMS):

    • Purpose: NMS tools are used to monitor, manage, and optimize network performance. They provide insights into network health, traffic analysis, and help troubleshoot issues.

By understanding and utilizing these components effectively, Thabo can help design and implement a robust and efficient LAN for the auditing firm.