The Bill of Rights, which comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, includes several important protections for civil rights and liberties. Here are the specific amendments corresponding to your descriptions:
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The Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. It requires law enforcement to have probable cause and typically a warrant issued by a judge to conduct searches or seize property.
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The Sixth Amendment guarantees individuals the right to a speedy trial, an impartial jury, and the right to counsel, among other protections related to criminal prosecutions.
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The Eighth Amendment protects against excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments, ensuring humane treatment within the criminal justice system.
These amendments collectively form an essential framework for protecting individual rights against government overreach.