Common characteristics of Muslim architecture include:
- Arches and domes: These are prominent features in many Islamic buildings, providing both structural support and aesthetic appeal.
The other options listed, while they may appear in some regional variations, are not universally characteristic of Muslim architecture:
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Adobe construction: This is more common in certain regions, such as parts of North Africa and Spain, but not a defining characteristic of Muslim architecture as a whole.
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Flat roofs: While some Islamic buildings might have flat roofs, they are not universally characteristic.
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Windowless buildings: This is generally not true for Muslim architecture. Many Islamic buildings have windows, often designed with intricate lattice work (jali) for privacy while allowing light and air to enter.
Therefore, the most accurate answer to the question would be arches and domes.