Question
When calcium levels fall too low, the parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH increases calcium absorption by the small intestine, decreases calcium excretion by the kidneys and stimulates osteoclasts to release calcium stored in the bones. Which of the following are effectors in this homeostatic mechanism (Select all that apply)?
Group of answer choices
Small intestine
kidneys
PTH
Osteoclasts
Parathyroid gland
Group of answer choices
Small intestine
kidneys
PTH
Osteoclasts
Parathyroid gland
Answers
GPT-4o mini
In the homeostatic mechanism involving the regulation of calcium levels by parathyroid hormone (PTH), the effectors are the organs or cells that respond to the hormone's action. The following are the effectors in this mechanism:
1. **Small intestine** - Increases calcium absorption.
2. **Kidneys** - Decreases calcium excretion.
3. **Osteoclasts** - Release calcium stored in the bones.
PTH itself is not an effector; it is the signaling molecule that initiates the response. The parathyroid gland is also not an effector; it is the organ that secretes PTH.
So the correct answers are:
- Small intestine
- Kidneys
- Osteoclasts
1. **Small intestine** - Increases calcium absorption.
2. **Kidneys** - Decreases calcium excretion.
3. **Osteoclasts** - Release calcium stored in the bones.
PTH itself is not an effector; it is the signaling molecule that initiates the response. The parathyroid gland is also not an effector; it is the organ that secretes PTH.
So the correct answers are:
- Small intestine
- Kidneys
- Osteoclasts