Question
Lesson 5: The Water Cycle
In this section, you will explain how energy is present in the water cycle and causes water to move in the water cycle.
Page 2- What is water in and under the soil called? What is water in the air called?
Page 3- Does the amount of water on Earth change or stay constant?
Page 4- What is the water cycle?
Does the water cycle have a beginning or end?
Where does energy from the water cycle come from?
Pages 4, 5 and 6 - The main processes of the water cycle are listed below. Identify the changes that occur during each process.
Evaporation- (how do the states of matter change?)
Condensation- (how do the states of matter change?)
Precipitation-
Runoff-
Transpiration-
What force causes precipitation to fall to the ground and causes water to flow downhill as runoff?
Page 15 - STOP Take a moment to check for understanding. Review your notes for this lesson. Go back and complete any questions you skipped before attempting the quick check. Notes can be used to help you with the quick check questions. Remember, quick checks cannot be redone.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson 6: Physical Weathering of Rock
In this section, you will describe the physical processes that change rock.
Page 2 - What is weathering?
Define physical weathering.
Page 3 - The three main causes of physical weathering are abrasion, temperature, and plants. What is abrasion and what causes it?
Explain how temperature causes physical weathering of rocks?
Ice wedging (also caused frost wedging) also causes weathering of rocks. The steps of ice wedging are listed below.
Cracks form in rocks.
___________ seeps into the cracks.
The water in the rocks _____________ and forms _________.
The ice expands and causes cracks and holes in the rock to ___________.
Eventually, the rocks ____________ apart.
Page 4 - How do plants cause physical weathering of rocks?
Which part of the plant causes rocks to break apart?
How do animals cause physical weathering of rocks?
Page 15 - STOP Take a moment to check for understanding. Review your notes for this lesson. Go back and complete any questions you skipped before attempting the quick check. Notes can be used to help you with the quick check questions. Remember, quick checks cannot be redone.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson 7: Chemical Weathering of Rock
In this section, you will describe the chemical processes that change rock.
Page 2 – What is chemical weathering?
Page 3 – How are caves created?
Page 4 – Explain the process of hydrolysis.
Page 5 – Explain the process of acid rain.
Explain the process of oxidation.
Page 6 – How do humans increase the rate of chemical weathering?
Page 16 - STOP Take a moment to check for understanding. Review your notes for this lesson. Go back and complete any questions you skipped before attempting the quick check. Notes can be used to help you with the quick check questions. Remember, quick checks cannot be redone.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson 8: The Rock Cycle
In this section, you will develop models of the rock cycle.
Page 2- What is the rock cycle?
How long can it take a rock to change into another type of rock?
Does the rock cycle ever end?
Page 3 - Which layer of Earth does rock come from?
Identify how each of the three types of rocks are formed:
Igneous-
Sedimentary-
Metamorphic-
Page 4 - Sedimentary Rock Formation:
Weathering and erosion cause rocks to _____________ ____________
Through _______________, the broken pieces of rock are carried away.
________________ occurs when pieces of rock settle somewhere.
After millions of years, the rocks build up where they have been deposited.
__________________ occurs when the weight and pressure of rocks on top of one another cause them to squeeze together.
___________________ occurs when the pieces stick together.
The main processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks are weathering, compacting/compression and cementation.
Page 5 - Metamorphic Rock Formation:
Igneous or sedimentary rocks can both be transformed into metamorphic rocks through extreme heat and pressure.
Where do the heat and pressure come from?
What happens in the process of uplifting?
After uplifting brings rocks to the surface, weathering and erosion will occur. What happens in the process of burial?
Once rocks are submerged into the interior of the Earth, they are exposed to intense ___________ and ____________________ and will become metamorphic rocks.
If rocks get hot enough, what can they become?
Use the model above to explain - how would small pebbles be turned into sedimentary rock and then into metamorphic rock? Name and describe the processes involved. Need help; watch the video on page 9.
pls answer all
In this section, you will explain how energy is present in the water cycle and causes water to move in the water cycle.
Page 2- What is water in and under the soil called? What is water in the air called?
Page 3- Does the amount of water on Earth change or stay constant?
Page 4- What is the water cycle?
Does the water cycle have a beginning or end?
Where does energy from the water cycle come from?
Pages 4, 5 and 6 - The main processes of the water cycle are listed below. Identify the changes that occur during each process.
Evaporation- (how do the states of matter change?)
Condensation- (how do the states of matter change?)
Precipitation-
Runoff-
Transpiration-
What force causes precipitation to fall to the ground and causes water to flow downhill as runoff?
Page 15 - STOP Take a moment to check for understanding. Review your notes for this lesson. Go back and complete any questions you skipped before attempting the quick check. Notes can be used to help you with the quick check questions. Remember, quick checks cannot be redone.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson 6: Physical Weathering of Rock
In this section, you will describe the physical processes that change rock.
Page 2 - What is weathering?
Define physical weathering.
Page 3 - The three main causes of physical weathering are abrasion, temperature, and plants. What is abrasion and what causes it?
Explain how temperature causes physical weathering of rocks?
Ice wedging (also caused frost wedging) also causes weathering of rocks. The steps of ice wedging are listed below.
Cracks form in rocks.
___________ seeps into the cracks.
The water in the rocks _____________ and forms _________.
The ice expands and causes cracks and holes in the rock to ___________.
Eventually, the rocks ____________ apart.
Page 4 - How do plants cause physical weathering of rocks?
Which part of the plant causes rocks to break apart?
How do animals cause physical weathering of rocks?
Page 15 - STOP Take a moment to check for understanding. Review your notes for this lesson. Go back and complete any questions you skipped before attempting the quick check. Notes can be used to help you with the quick check questions. Remember, quick checks cannot be redone.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson 7: Chemical Weathering of Rock
In this section, you will describe the chemical processes that change rock.
Page 2 – What is chemical weathering?
Page 3 – How are caves created?
Page 4 – Explain the process of hydrolysis.
Page 5 – Explain the process of acid rain.
Explain the process of oxidation.
Page 6 – How do humans increase the rate of chemical weathering?
Page 16 - STOP Take a moment to check for understanding. Review your notes for this lesson. Go back and complete any questions you skipped before attempting the quick check. Notes can be used to help you with the quick check questions. Remember, quick checks cannot be redone.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Lesson 8: The Rock Cycle
In this section, you will develop models of the rock cycle.
Page 2- What is the rock cycle?
How long can it take a rock to change into another type of rock?
Does the rock cycle ever end?
Page 3 - Which layer of Earth does rock come from?
Identify how each of the three types of rocks are formed:
Igneous-
Sedimentary-
Metamorphic-
Page 4 - Sedimentary Rock Formation:
Weathering and erosion cause rocks to _____________ ____________
Through _______________, the broken pieces of rock are carried away.
________________ occurs when pieces of rock settle somewhere.
After millions of years, the rocks build up where they have been deposited.
__________________ occurs when the weight and pressure of rocks on top of one another cause them to squeeze together.
___________________ occurs when the pieces stick together.
The main processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks are weathering, compacting/compression and cementation.
Page 5 - Metamorphic Rock Formation:
Igneous or sedimentary rocks can both be transformed into metamorphic rocks through extreme heat and pressure.
Where do the heat and pressure come from?
What happens in the process of uplifting?
After uplifting brings rocks to the surface, weathering and erosion will occur. What happens in the process of burial?
Once rocks are submerged into the interior of the Earth, they are exposed to intense ___________ and ____________________ and will become metamorphic rocks.
If rocks get hot enough, what can they become?
Use the model above to explain - how would small pebbles be turned into sedimentary rock and then into metamorphic rock? Name and describe the processes involved. Need help; watch the video on page 9.
pls answer all
Answers
Answered by
GPT-4o mini
Certainly! Here are the answers to the questions you've provided, organized by lesson and page:
---
**Lesson 5: The Water Cycle**
**Page 2**
- **What is water in and under the soil called?**
Groundwater.
- **What is water in the air called?**
Water vapor.
**Page 3**
- **Does the amount of water on Earth change or stay constant?**
The amount of water on Earth stays constant.
**Page 4**
- **What is the water cycle?**
The water cycle is the continuous process by which water moves from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back again through various processes like evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.
- **Does the water cycle have a beginning or end?**
The water cycle does not have a beginning or end; it is a continuous cycle.
- **Where does energy from the water cycle come from?**
Energy from the water cycle primarily comes from the sun.
**Pages 4, 5, and 6 - Main processes of the water cycle:**
- **Evaporation:**
Water changes from a liquid state to a gas (water vapor).
- **Condensation:**
Water vapor changes back into liquid water, forming clouds (gas to liquid).
- **Precipitation:**
Water falls to the ground in various forms such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
- **Runoff:**
Water flows over the ground and returns to bodies of water like rivers, lakes, and oceans.
- **Transpiration:**
Water is absorbed by plants and released as water vapor into the air.
**What force causes precipitation to fall to the ground and causes water to flow downhill as runoff?**
Gravity causes precipitation to fall to the ground and influences the flow of water downhill as runoff.
---
**Lesson 6: Physical Weathering of Rock**
**Page 2**
- **What is weathering?**
Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces through physical or chemical means.
- **Define physical weathering:**
Physical weathering is the process of breaking down rocks without changing their chemical composition, primarily due to mechanical forces.
**Page 3**
- **What is abrasion and what causes it?**
Abrasion is the process where rocks and sediments are worn down by friction and contact with other surfaces or particles, often caused by wind, water, or ice.
- **Explain how temperature causes physical weathering of rocks:**
Temperature changes can cause rocks to expand when heated and contract when cooled. This repeated cycle can create stress and lead to cracking.
**Ice wedging steps:**
1. Cracks form in rocks.
2. Water seeps into the cracks.
3. The water in the cracks freezes and forms ice.
4. The ice expands and causes cracks and holes in the rock to widen.
5. Eventually, the rocks break apart.
**Page 4**
- **How do plants cause physical weathering of rocks?**
Plant roots can grow into cracks in rocks, exerting pressure as they grow, leading to the breaking apart of the rock.
- **Which part of the plant causes rocks to break apart?**
The roots of the plants cause rocks to break apart.
- **How do animals cause physical weathering of rocks?**
Animals can burrow or dig, which disturbs the soil and rocks, leading to weathering.
---
**Lesson 7: Chemical Weathering of Rock**
**Page 2**
- **What is chemical weathering?**
Chemical weathering is the breakdown of rocks through chemical reactions, altering the minerals within the rocks.
**Page 3**
- **How are caves created?**
Caves are created by the chemical weathering of limestone through the process of dissolution by mildly acidic water (often from rainwater).
**Page 4**
- **Explain the process of hydrolysis:**
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction where water reacts with minerals in the rock to form new minerals and soluble salts, leading to the breakdown of the original rock.
**Page 5**
- **Explain the process of acid rain:**
Acid rain is formed when pollutants (like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water vapor in the atmosphere, creating weak acids that can chemically weather rocks and minerals.
- **Explain the process of oxidation:**
Oxidation occurs when minerals in rocks (like iron) react with oxygen, leading to the formation of oxides (such as rust), which weakens the rock structure.
**Page 6**
- **How do humans increase the rate of chemical weathering?**
Humans increase chemical weathering through pollution (leading to acid rain), mining, deforestation, and urban development, which expose rocks to weathering processes.
---
**Lesson 8: The Rock Cycle**
**Page 2**
- **What is the rock cycle?**
The rock cycle is the continuous process of transformation of rocks from one type to another through various geological processes including weathering, erosion, sedimentation, heat, and pressure.
- **How long can it take a rock to change into another type of rock?**
It can take millions of years for a rock to change into another type of rock.
- **Does the rock cycle ever end?**
The rock cycle does not end; it is a continuous process.
**Page 3**
- **Which layer of Earth does rock come from?**
Rocks primarily come from the crust of the Earth.
- **Identify how each of the three types of rocks are formed:**
- **Igneous:** Formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma or lava).
- **Sedimentary:** Formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediment over time.
- **Metamorphic:** Formed from existing rocks that are changed by heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids.
**Page 4 - Sedimentary Rock Formation:**
- Weathering and erosion cause rocks to **break down**.
- Through **transportation**, the broken pieces of rock are carried away.
- **Deposition** occurs when pieces of rock settle somewhere.
- After millions of years, the rocks build up where they have been deposited.
- **Compaction** occurs when the weight and pressure of rocks on top of one another cause them to squeeze together.
- **Cementation** occurs when the pieces stick together.
**Page 5 - Metamorphic Rock Formation:**
- Where do the heat and pressure come from?
Heat and pressure come from within the Earth, often from tectonic activity.
- **What happens in the process of uplifting?**
Uplifting brings rocks from deeper layers of the Earth up to the surface, where they can be exposed to weathering and erosion.
- **What happens in the process of burial?**
Burial occurs when layers of sediment accumulate over existing rocks, subjecting them to increased pressure and heat from above.
- **Once rocks are submerged into the interior of the Earth, they are exposed to intense **heat** and **pressure** and will become metamorphic rocks.**
- **If rocks get hot enough, what can they become?**
If rocks get hot enough, they can become molten rock (magma) and potentially solidify into igneous rock.
- **Explain how small pebbles could be turned into sedimentary rock and then into metamorphic rock:**
Small pebbles can accumulate and become compacted and cemented together over time to form sedimentary rock. With further burial under additional sediment and exposure to heat and pressure from tectonic forces, the sedimentary rock can then be transformed into metamorphic rock.
---
Feel free to ask if you need further clarification on any of the information!
---
**Lesson 5: The Water Cycle**
**Page 2**
- **What is water in and under the soil called?**
Groundwater.
- **What is water in the air called?**
Water vapor.
**Page 3**
- **Does the amount of water on Earth change or stay constant?**
The amount of water on Earth stays constant.
**Page 4**
- **What is the water cycle?**
The water cycle is the continuous process by which water moves from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back again through various processes like evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.
- **Does the water cycle have a beginning or end?**
The water cycle does not have a beginning or end; it is a continuous cycle.
- **Where does energy from the water cycle come from?**
Energy from the water cycle primarily comes from the sun.
**Pages 4, 5, and 6 - Main processes of the water cycle:**
- **Evaporation:**
Water changes from a liquid state to a gas (water vapor).
- **Condensation:**
Water vapor changes back into liquid water, forming clouds (gas to liquid).
- **Precipitation:**
Water falls to the ground in various forms such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
- **Runoff:**
Water flows over the ground and returns to bodies of water like rivers, lakes, and oceans.
- **Transpiration:**
Water is absorbed by plants and released as water vapor into the air.
**What force causes precipitation to fall to the ground and causes water to flow downhill as runoff?**
Gravity causes precipitation to fall to the ground and influences the flow of water downhill as runoff.
---
**Lesson 6: Physical Weathering of Rock**
**Page 2**
- **What is weathering?**
Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces through physical or chemical means.
- **Define physical weathering:**
Physical weathering is the process of breaking down rocks without changing their chemical composition, primarily due to mechanical forces.
**Page 3**
- **What is abrasion and what causes it?**
Abrasion is the process where rocks and sediments are worn down by friction and contact with other surfaces or particles, often caused by wind, water, or ice.
- **Explain how temperature causes physical weathering of rocks:**
Temperature changes can cause rocks to expand when heated and contract when cooled. This repeated cycle can create stress and lead to cracking.
**Ice wedging steps:**
1. Cracks form in rocks.
2. Water seeps into the cracks.
3. The water in the cracks freezes and forms ice.
4. The ice expands and causes cracks and holes in the rock to widen.
5. Eventually, the rocks break apart.
**Page 4**
- **How do plants cause physical weathering of rocks?**
Plant roots can grow into cracks in rocks, exerting pressure as they grow, leading to the breaking apart of the rock.
- **Which part of the plant causes rocks to break apart?**
The roots of the plants cause rocks to break apart.
- **How do animals cause physical weathering of rocks?**
Animals can burrow or dig, which disturbs the soil and rocks, leading to weathering.
---
**Lesson 7: Chemical Weathering of Rock**
**Page 2**
- **What is chemical weathering?**
Chemical weathering is the breakdown of rocks through chemical reactions, altering the minerals within the rocks.
**Page 3**
- **How are caves created?**
Caves are created by the chemical weathering of limestone through the process of dissolution by mildly acidic water (often from rainwater).
**Page 4**
- **Explain the process of hydrolysis:**
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction where water reacts with minerals in the rock to form new minerals and soluble salts, leading to the breakdown of the original rock.
**Page 5**
- **Explain the process of acid rain:**
Acid rain is formed when pollutants (like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water vapor in the atmosphere, creating weak acids that can chemically weather rocks and minerals.
- **Explain the process of oxidation:**
Oxidation occurs when minerals in rocks (like iron) react with oxygen, leading to the formation of oxides (such as rust), which weakens the rock structure.
**Page 6**
- **How do humans increase the rate of chemical weathering?**
Humans increase chemical weathering through pollution (leading to acid rain), mining, deforestation, and urban development, which expose rocks to weathering processes.
---
**Lesson 8: The Rock Cycle**
**Page 2**
- **What is the rock cycle?**
The rock cycle is the continuous process of transformation of rocks from one type to another through various geological processes including weathering, erosion, sedimentation, heat, and pressure.
- **How long can it take a rock to change into another type of rock?**
It can take millions of years for a rock to change into another type of rock.
- **Does the rock cycle ever end?**
The rock cycle does not end; it is a continuous process.
**Page 3**
- **Which layer of Earth does rock come from?**
Rocks primarily come from the crust of the Earth.
- **Identify how each of the three types of rocks are formed:**
- **Igneous:** Formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma or lava).
- **Sedimentary:** Formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediment over time.
- **Metamorphic:** Formed from existing rocks that are changed by heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids.
**Page 4 - Sedimentary Rock Formation:**
- Weathering and erosion cause rocks to **break down**.
- Through **transportation**, the broken pieces of rock are carried away.
- **Deposition** occurs when pieces of rock settle somewhere.
- After millions of years, the rocks build up where they have been deposited.
- **Compaction** occurs when the weight and pressure of rocks on top of one another cause them to squeeze together.
- **Cementation** occurs when the pieces stick together.
**Page 5 - Metamorphic Rock Formation:**
- Where do the heat and pressure come from?
Heat and pressure come from within the Earth, often from tectonic activity.
- **What happens in the process of uplifting?**
Uplifting brings rocks from deeper layers of the Earth up to the surface, where they can be exposed to weathering and erosion.
- **What happens in the process of burial?**
Burial occurs when layers of sediment accumulate over existing rocks, subjecting them to increased pressure and heat from above.
- **Once rocks are submerged into the interior of the Earth, they are exposed to intense **heat** and **pressure** and will become metamorphic rocks.**
- **If rocks get hot enough, what can they become?**
If rocks get hot enough, they can become molten rock (magma) and potentially solidify into igneous rock.
- **Explain how small pebbles could be turned into sedimentary rock and then into metamorphic rock:**
Small pebbles can accumulate and become compacted and cemented together over time to form sedimentary rock. With further burial under additional sediment and exposure to heat and pressure from tectonic forces, the sedimentary rock can then be transformed into metamorphic rock.
---
Feel free to ask if you need further clarification on any of the information!
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