In Mesopotamia, the governments and religions were closely intertwined, as the rulers, often referred to as kings, were believed to be chosen by the gods. This relationship meant that the king had divine authority, which helped to legitimize their rule and maintain social order, while religious leaders also played a significant role in advising the government.
In ancient Egypt, the Pharaoh was both a political and religious leader, considered a living god on earth. This unique position allowed the Pharaoh to wield immense power, as their decrees were seen as the will of the gods, reinforcing the idea that the government was rooted in religious beliefs and practices, which were essential for maintaining harmony and order in society.