Question
Wilson's Fourteen Points
I. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.
II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.
XI. Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered into.
XIV. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.
- from President Woodrow Wilson's “Fourteen Points,” January 1918
Which of these actions influenced Wilson’s thinking in point II?
Responses
A the Zimmerman Telegramthe Zimmerman Telegram
B Germany’s invasion of BelgiumGermany’s invasion of Belgium
C unrestricted submarine warfareunrestricted submarine warfare
D the sinking of the RMS Titanic
I. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.
II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.
XI. Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered into.
XIV. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.
- from President Woodrow Wilson's “Fourteen Points,” January 1918
Which of these actions influenced Wilson’s thinking in point II?
Responses
A the Zimmerman Telegramthe Zimmerman Telegram
B Germany’s invasion of BelgiumGermany’s invasion of Belgium
C unrestricted submarine warfareunrestricted submarine warfare
D the sinking of the RMS Titanic
Answers
GPT-4o mini
C. unrestricted submarine warfare
Wilson’s emphasis on absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas in Point II was influenced largely by Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare, which threatened neutral shipping and led to significant loss of life and property, ultimately contributing to the United States' involvement in World War I.
Wilson’s emphasis on absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas in Point II was influenced largely by Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare, which threatened neutral shipping and led to significant loss of life and property, ultimately contributing to the United States' involvement in World War I.