The correct achievements of Isaac Newton are:
- invented a new branch of mathematics called calculus
- developed the theory of universal gravitation
The other statements regarding the Cartesian coordinate system and the proof that the Earth revolves around the sun are incorrect in the context of Newton's achievements. Descartes is credited with the Cartesian coordinate system, and while Newton made significant contributions to physics and astronomy, the heliocentric model of the solar system (that the Earth revolves around the sun) was primarily established by Copernicus and later supported by Kepler and Galileo.