Question

Big grammars used in exams

Answer 1

In examination settings, especially in language arts or foreign language courses, students often need to demonstrate their understanding of various grammatical structures. Here are some key grammar topics that are frequently covered in exams:

### 1. **Parts of Speech**
- **Nouns**: Types (common, proper, collective, abstract)
- **Pronouns**: Personal, possessive, reflexive, relative, interrogative
- **Verbs**: Transitive vs. intransitive, regular vs. irregular, active vs. passive voice
- **Adjectives**: Descriptive, quantitative, demonstrative, possessive
- **Adverbs**: Manner, place, time, frequency, degree
- **Prepositions**: Usage and common prepositions
- **Conjunctions**: Coordinating vs. subordinating, correlative conjunctions
- **Interjections**: Expressing emotions or reactions

### 2. **Sentence Structure**
- **Simple, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences**
- **Sentence Fragments**: Identifying and correcting
- **Run-On Sentences**: Identifying and correcting

### 3. **Verb Tenses**
- **Present, Past, Future**: Simple, continuous (progressive), perfect, perfect continuous
- **Subject-Verb Agreement**: Ensuring subjects match verbs in number and person

### 4. **Punctuation**
- **Commas**: Series, clauses, and introductory elements
- **Periods, exclamation points, and question marks**: End punctuation
- **Colons and semicolons**: Lists, explanations, and linking independent clauses
- **Quotation marks**: Direct speech and quotations
- **Apostrophes**: Contractions and possessives

### 5. **Modifiers**
- **Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers**: Identifying and correcting errors
- **Comparatives and Superlatives**: Using adjectives and adverbs correctly

### 6. **Active and Passive Voice**
- Understanding the difference and when to use each

### 7. **Direct and Indirect Speech**
- Converting between direct and indirect forms, understanding reporting verbs

### 8. **Common Errors**
- **Subject-Verb Agreement**: Problems with collective nouns and tricky subjects
- **Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement**: Ensuring pronouns agree with antecedents in number and gender

### 9. **Conditional Sentences**
- Types (zero, first, second, third conditionals) and their structures

### 10. **Common Idiomatic Expressions and Phrasal Verbs**
- Understanding and using common idioms and phrasal verbs correctly

### Study Tips:
- **Practice Exercises**: Work on exercises that target specific grammar points.
- **Reading Comprehension**: Engage with texts to see grammar rules applied in context.
- **Writing Practice**: Write paragraphs or essays where you consciously apply different grammatical structures.
- **Grammar Quizzes**: Take quizzes to test your understanding and identify areas for improvement.

Being familiar with these topics and understanding how to apply the rules can greatly enhance performance on grammar-related exams.