A domain is the set of numbers which are valid values for the independent variable. The range is the set of valid numbers for the dependent variable.
The angle of the sun over the horizon over the course of the day would be fairly easy to model. The domain would be the hours between sunrise and sunset and the range would be 0 to whatever is the maximum elevation of the sun is on a given day on any particular latitude. For instance, during the equinox, at a latitude of 50 degrees North, the maximum angle of the sun above the horizon is 40 degrees and therefore the range would be 0 to 40 degrees. Notice that the range will increase during the summer and decrease during the winter.
What is the difference between domain and range?
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