Write drugs used for acne vulgaris and their definition?

Answer 1

Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition that typically affects adolescents and young adults, characterized by the presence of pimples, blackheads, and cysts. Various medications can be employed to treat acne vulgaris, each acting through different mechanisms. Here is a list of commonly used drugs for acne vulgaris and their definitions:

1. Topical Retinoids (e.g., Tretinoin, Adapalene, Tazarotene):

   • Definition: These are vitamin A derivatives that promote cell turnover, helping to prevent clogged pores and reducing inflammation. They are often used as a first-line treatment for mild to moderate acne.

2. Benzoyl Peroxide:

   • Definition: An antimicrobial agent that helps reduce acne-causing bacteria and has keratolytic properties to help unclog pores. It is available over-the-counter in various strengths.

3. Salicylic Acid:

   • Definition: A beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that helps exfoliate the skin and keep pores clear. It is often found in topical treatments and cleansers for mild acne.

4. Topical Antibiotics (e.g., Clindamycin, Erythromycin):

   • Definition: These medications reduce the growth of acne-causing bacteria on the skin and decrease inflammation. They are usually combined with benzoyl peroxide to enhance effectiveness and minimize resistance.

5. Oral Antibiotics (e.g., Doxycycline, Minocycline, Tetracycline):

   • Definition: Used for moderate to severe acne, these medications reduce bacteria and inflammation systemically. They are typically prescribed for a limited duration due to potential side effects and antibiotic resistance concerns.

6. Hormonal Treatments (e.g., Combined Oral Contraceptives, Spironolactone):

   • Definition: Some hormonal medications can help regulate hormones that contribute to acne development, particularly in women. These treatments can be effective in cases linked to hormonal fluctuations.

7. Isotretinoin:

   • Definition: A powerful oral retinoid used for severe acne that has not responded to other treatments. Isotretinoin works by significantly reducing sebaceous gland activity, hence reducing oil production, unclogging pores, and preventing the formation of acne lesions. It requires careful monitoring due to potential serious side effects.

8. Azelaic Acid:

   • Definition: A naturally occurring acid that has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to reduce the production of keratin and can be effective against acne and rosacea.

9. Niacinamide:

   • Definition: A form of vitamin B3 that improves skin barrier function and has anti-inflammatory properties, making it useful in topical formulations for acne-prone skin.

10. Laser and Light Therapies:

    • Definition: While not a drug, these treatments use specific wavelengths to reduce bacteria and inflammation, often serving as adjunctive therapies for persistent or severe acne.

Each of these treatments has specific indications, contraindications, and potential side effects, so it's important for individuals with acne to consult a healthcare professional for personalized treatment options.