The governing power in a royal colony belonged to the monarchy, specifically the king or queen of England. In royal colonies, the British government directly controlled the administration and appointed a governor to oversee the colony and enforce its laws.
In contrast, proprietary colonies were granted to individuals or groups by the crown and were governed according to their own charter. The proprietors had significant authority and could create their own laws and govern the colony as they saw fit, although they still had to operate within the framework of English law.
So, to directly answer your question: governing power in a royal colony belonged to the royal authority, while in a proprietary colony it belonged to the proprietors.
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