A laxative is a type of medication or substance used to stimulate bowel movements or facilitate the passage of stool. Laxatives can be used to alleviate constipation, a condition characterized by infrequent or difficult bowel movements. There are several types of laxatives, each working in different ways:
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Bulk-forming laxatives: These absorb water and increase the bulk of stool, making it easier to pass. Examples include psyllium (Metamucil) and methylcellulose (Citrucel).
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Stimulant laxatives: These stimulate the muscles of the intestine to promote bowel movements. Examples include bisacodyl (Dulcolax) and senna (Senokot).
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Osmotic laxatives: These draw water into the intestines to soften stool and stimulate bowel movements. Examples include polyethylene glycol (Miralax), magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia), and lactulose.
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Stool softeners: These help to moisten the stool, making it easier to pass. Docusate sodium (Colace) is a common example.
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Saline laxatives: These contain salts that draw water into the intestines. Examples include magnesium citrate and sodium phosphate.
While laxatives can be helpful in managing constipation, they should be used with caution. Overuse can lead to dependency, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. It's important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any laxative, especially for long-term use. Additionally, lifestyle changes such as increasing fiber intake, staying hydrated, and exercising regularly can also help maintain regular bowel movements.
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