For the following pathogens write the diseases they cause, their mode of transmission, route

Question

of entry, and route of exit, and prevention and control mechanisms.
A. Sever acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-Cov 2)

Answer 1

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for the disease COVID-19. Here is a detailed overview of this pathogen:

Disease Caused

• Disease: COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

Mode of Transmission

• Transmission:
  • Primarily through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or breathes.
  • Can also spread via aerosolized particles in enclosed spaces.
  • Contact transmission through touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the face.

Route of Entry

• Entry:
  • The virus primarily enters the body through the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, or eyes.

Route of Exit

• Exit:
  • The virus exits the body primarily through respiratory secretions (coughing, sneezing).
  • Also, through saliva and other bodily fluids from infected individuals.

Prevention and Control Mechanisms

1. Vaccination:

   • Availability of different vaccines to confer immunity against COVID-19.

2. Hygiene Practices:

   • Regular handwashing with soap and water or using hand sanitizers.
   • Avoiding touching the face, especially eyes, nose, and mouth.

3. Mask Wearing:

   • Use of face masks, particularly in crowded or enclosed spaces, to reduce the transmission risk.

4. Physical Distancing:

   • Maintaining physical distance from others, especially in public settings.

5. Ventilation:

   • Improving ventilation in indoor spaces to reduce the concentration of airborne viral particles.

6. Isolation and Quarantine:

   • Isolating infected individuals and quarantining those who have been exposed to prevent further spread.

7. Testing and Contact Tracing:

   • Regular testing for symptomatic individuals and tracing contacts to identify and isolate cases quickly.

8. Public Health Guidelines:

   • Following local health guidelines and advisories related to gatherings, travel, and other activities to mitigate spread.

9. Education and Awareness:

   • Increasing public awareness regarding symptoms, transmission, and preventive measures.

By implementing these prevention and control mechanisms, the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the incidence of COVID-19 can be significantly reduced.