Hypovolemia refers to a decreased volume of blood in the body, specifically a reduction in the total blood plasma and red blood cells. This condition can lead to insufficient blood flow to organs and tissues, potentially causing serious health issues.
Hypovolemia can be caused by various factors, including:
- Blood loss: This can occur due to trauma, surgery, or conditions like gastrointestinal bleeding.
- Dehydration: Loss of fluids due to excessive sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, or inadequate fluid intake.
- Third spacing: The accumulation of fluid in body compartments, such as in cases of severe burns or sepsis.
Symptoms of hypovolemia can include:
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Rapid heartbeat
- Low blood pressure
- Weakness or fatigue
- Decreased urine output
- Dry mouth and skin
Treatment typically involves restoring the fluid volume, which may include intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, or addressing the underlying cause of the fluid loss. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent complications.