Question
Terms and People
• Ancient régime – the government in pre-revolution France
• Estate – social class
• Deficit spending – when a government spends more money than it takes in
• Louis XVI – king of France from 1774 to 1792; executed in 1793
• Estates-General – the legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates
• Cahier – notebook used during the French Revolution to record grievances
• Tennis Court Oath – an oath taken by the members of the National Assembly to meet wherever the circumstances might require until they had created a constitution
• Bastille – fortress in Paris used as a prison; French Revolution began when Parisians stormed it in 1789
1. Who made up the three estates in French society?
First Estate
Second Estate
Third Estate
2. What wealth and privileges did the First and Second Estates enjoy?
3. What were some of the causes of France’s economic problems and deficit spending?
4. What was the Estates-General?
5. What happened in June 1789?
6. Tennis Court Oath:
7. What occurred on July 14, 1789?
8. What were the four phases of the French Revolution?
9. At the end of August 1789, what did the National Assembly issue?
10. After the Constitution of 1791, the Legislative Assembly had the power to:
11. Radicals took control of the Legislative Assembly and called for the election of a new legislative body called ________________.
12. What happened in January 1793?
13. Who became the leader of the Committee of Public Safety?
14. The rule of the Committee of Public Safety is known as _______________ and resulted in _____________ people arrested and ___________ people executed by guillotine.
15. After Robespierre was executed and the Reign of Terror ended, who ruled France?
16. Who did the Directory appoint to rule France?
• Ancient régime – the government in pre-revolution France
• Estate – social class
• Deficit spending – when a government spends more money than it takes in
• Louis XVI – king of France from 1774 to 1792; executed in 1793
• Estates-General – the legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates
• Cahier – notebook used during the French Revolution to record grievances
• Tennis Court Oath – an oath taken by the members of the National Assembly to meet wherever the circumstances might require until they had created a constitution
• Bastille – fortress in Paris used as a prison; French Revolution began when Parisians stormed it in 1789
1. Who made up the three estates in French society?
First Estate
Second Estate
Third Estate
2. What wealth and privileges did the First and Second Estates enjoy?
3. What were some of the causes of France’s economic problems and deficit spending?
4. What was the Estates-General?
5. What happened in June 1789?
6. Tennis Court Oath:
7. What occurred on July 14, 1789?
8. What were the four phases of the French Revolution?
9. At the end of August 1789, what did the National Assembly issue?
10. After the Constitution of 1791, the Legislative Assembly had the power to:
11. Radicals took control of the Legislative Assembly and called for the election of a new legislative body called ________________.
12. What happened in January 1793?
13. Who became the leader of the Committee of Public Safety?
14. The rule of the Committee of Public Safety is known as _______________ and resulted in _____________ people arrested and ___________ people executed by guillotine.
15. After Robespierre was executed and the Reign of Terror ended, who ruled France?
16. Who did the Directory appoint to rule France?
Answers
GPT-4o mini
1. **Who made up the three estates in French society?**
- **First Estate**: Clergy (religious leaders)
- **Second Estate**: Nobility (nobles and aristocrats)
- **Third Estate**: Common people (peasants, urban workers, and the bourgeoisie)
2. **What wealth and privileges did the First and Second Estates enjoy?**
- The **First Estate** enjoyed privileges such as exemption from many taxes, the ability to collect tithes from the population, and significant influence over government and education.
- The **Second Estate** also enjoyed privileges including exemption from most taxes, significant land ownership, and special rights in terms of title and authority over serfs and peasants.
3. **What were some of the causes of France’s economic problems and deficit spending?**
- Causes included costly involvement in wars (e.g., the American Revolution), extravagant spending by the monarchy, agricultural failures leading to food shortages, a regressive tax system that burdened the Third Estate disproportionately, and debt accumulated from previous kings.
4. **What was the Estates-General?**
- The Estates-General was a legislative body in France made up of representatives from the three estates: the First Estate (clergy), the Second Estate (nobility), and the Third Estate (common people). It was convened to address financial crises and reform issues in the realm.
5. **What happened in June 1789?**
- In June 1789, members of the Third Estate declared themselves the National Assembly, asserting their right to represent the people of France and vowing to draft a new constitution.
6. **Tennis Court Oath:**
- The Tennis Court Oath was a pledge made by members of the National Assembly in June 1789, swearing not to disband until they had created a new constitution for France.
7. **What occurred on July 14, 1789?**
- On July 14, 1789, Parisians stormed the Bastille prison, marking the beginning of the French Revolution and symbolizing the uprising against the monarchy and tyranny.
8. **What were the four phases of the French Revolution?**
- 1. The National Assembly (1789-1791)
- 2. The Legislative Assembly (1791-1792)
- 3. The National Convention (1792-1795)
- 4. The Directory (1795-1799)
9. **At the end of August 1789, what did the National Assembly issue?**
- The National Assembly issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which outlined individual and collective rights and freedoms.
10. **After the Constitution of 1791, the Legislative Assembly had the power to:**
- The Legislative Assembly had the power to make laws, approve and reject declarations of war, and control the budget.
11. **Radicals took control of the Legislative Assembly and called for the election of a new legislative body called ________________.**
- The National Convention.
12. **What happened in January 1793?**
- In January 1793, King Louis XVI was executed by guillotine, marking a significant turning point in the revolution.
13. **Who became the leader of the Committee of Public Safety?**
- Maximilien Robespierre became the leader of the Committee of Public Safety.
14. **The rule of the Committee of Public Safety is known as _______________ and resulted in _____________ people arrested and ___________ people executed by guillotine.**
- The rule is known as the Reign of Terror and resulted in approximately 300,000 people arrested and around 17,000 people executed by guillotine.
15. **After Robespierre was executed and the Reign of Terror ended, who ruled France?**
- After Robespierre's execution, the government transitioned to the Directory, which ruled France.
16. **Who did the Directory appoint to rule France?**
- The Directory appointed General Napoléon Bonaparte to various military command positions, eventually leading to his rise to power as First Consul after the coup of 18 Brumaire in 1799.
- **First Estate**: Clergy (religious leaders)
- **Second Estate**: Nobility (nobles and aristocrats)
- **Third Estate**: Common people (peasants, urban workers, and the bourgeoisie)
2. **What wealth and privileges did the First and Second Estates enjoy?**
- The **First Estate** enjoyed privileges such as exemption from many taxes, the ability to collect tithes from the population, and significant influence over government and education.
- The **Second Estate** also enjoyed privileges including exemption from most taxes, significant land ownership, and special rights in terms of title and authority over serfs and peasants.
3. **What were some of the causes of France’s economic problems and deficit spending?**
- Causes included costly involvement in wars (e.g., the American Revolution), extravagant spending by the monarchy, agricultural failures leading to food shortages, a regressive tax system that burdened the Third Estate disproportionately, and debt accumulated from previous kings.
4. **What was the Estates-General?**
- The Estates-General was a legislative body in France made up of representatives from the three estates: the First Estate (clergy), the Second Estate (nobility), and the Third Estate (common people). It was convened to address financial crises and reform issues in the realm.
5. **What happened in June 1789?**
- In June 1789, members of the Third Estate declared themselves the National Assembly, asserting their right to represent the people of France and vowing to draft a new constitution.
6. **Tennis Court Oath:**
- The Tennis Court Oath was a pledge made by members of the National Assembly in June 1789, swearing not to disband until they had created a new constitution for France.
7. **What occurred on July 14, 1789?**
- On July 14, 1789, Parisians stormed the Bastille prison, marking the beginning of the French Revolution and symbolizing the uprising against the monarchy and tyranny.
8. **What were the four phases of the French Revolution?**
- 1. The National Assembly (1789-1791)
- 2. The Legislative Assembly (1791-1792)
- 3. The National Convention (1792-1795)
- 4. The Directory (1795-1799)
9. **At the end of August 1789, what did the National Assembly issue?**
- The National Assembly issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which outlined individual and collective rights and freedoms.
10. **After the Constitution of 1791, the Legislative Assembly had the power to:**
- The Legislative Assembly had the power to make laws, approve and reject declarations of war, and control the budget.
11. **Radicals took control of the Legislative Assembly and called for the election of a new legislative body called ________________.**
- The National Convention.
12. **What happened in January 1793?**
- In January 1793, King Louis XVI was executed by guillotine, marking a significant turning point in the revolution.
13. **Who became the leader of the Committee of Public Safety?**
- Maximilien Robespierre became the leader of the Committee of Public Safety.
14. **The rule of the Committee of Public Safety is known as _______________ and resulted in _____________ people arrested and ___________ people executed by guillotine.**
- The rule is known as the Reign of Terror and resulted in approximately 300,000 people arrested and around 17,000 people executed by guillotine.
15. **After Robespierre was executed and the Reign of Terror ended, who ruled France?**
- After Robespierre's execution, the government transitioned to the Directory, which ruled France.
16. **Who did the Directory appoint to rule France?**
- The Directory appointed General Napoléon Bonaparte to various military command positions, eventually leading to his rise to power as First Consul after the coup of 18 Brumaire in 1799.