Question

Which evidence best supports the claim that mutations are a source of inheritable genetic variation?(1 point)
Responses

Mutations affect protein synthesis which impacts the way traits are expressed.
Mutations affect protein synthesis which impacts the way traits are expressed.

Mutations can only happen during meiosis because genes are inherited.
Mutations can only happen during meiosis because genes are inherited.

Mutations are not inheritable from gametes because they are given from each parent.
Mutations are not inheritable from gametes because they are given from each parent.

Mutations affect the way DNA is created through transcription.
Use the diagram to answer the question.





What type of mutation error has occurred to cause the disorder shown?(1 point)
Responses

deletion
deletion

substitution
substitution

frameshift
frameshift

insertion
Examine the two strands of DNA below. Which kind of mutation occurred?

Original strand: AGC GTA CCC TAC

New strand: AGC GTA ACC TAC

(1 point)
Responses

substitution
substitution

insertion
insertion

deletion
deletion

frameshift
Millions of years ago, the ancestors of giraffes had short necks and used to eat leaves from the bushes on the ground. A genetic mutation caused one giraffe's neck to be taller. This long-necked giraffe was able to eat leaves that were higher up on trees. This gave it an advantage as it was able to access more food than other giraffes. Over millions of years, all of the giraffes became long-necked. Which type of environmental factor caused this mutation to be inherited? (1 point)
Responses

food availability
food availability

radiation exposure
radiation exposure

exercise requirement
exercise requirement

polluted environment
What is one way that a frameshift mutation could occur? (1 point)
Responses

three nucleotides are deleted
three nucleotides are deleted

two nucleotides are deleted
two nucleotides are deleted

two nucleotides are substituted
two nucleotides are substituted

three nucleotides are inserted

Answer 1

Let's go through each question one by one.

1. **Which evidence best supports the claim that mutations are a source of inheritable genetic variation?**
- **Response:** Mutations affect protein synthesis which impacts the way traits are expressed.

2. **What type of mutation error has occurred to cause the disorder shown?**
- Without the diagram to reference, I can’t provide an exact answer. However, if it relates to a missing segment of DNA, it would be **deletion**; if a single nucleotide has been changed, it would be **substitution**; if multiple nucleotides have been added or removed resulting in a shift of reading frame, it would be **frameshift**; and if segments are added, it could be an **insertion**.

3. **Examine the two strands of DNA below. Which kind of mutation occurred?**
- Original strand: AGC GTA CCC TAC
- New strand: AGC GTA ACC TAC
- **Response:** substitution (the third "C" in CCC was changed to another "A" leaving "ACC").

4. **Which type of environmental factor caused this mutation to be inherited?**
- **Response:** food availability (the long-necked giraffe had an advantage in accessing food).

5. **What is one way that a frameshift mutation could occur?**
- **Response:** two nucleotides are deleted (removing any number of nucleotides that is not a multiple of three causes a frameshift).

Please note that without visual references or additional context for some questions, there can be a level of ambiguity in the answers, mainly in case of the mutation error and the disorder shown.