Common characteristics of Muslim architecture include:
- Arches and domes: These are quintessential elements in many Islamic structures, such as mosques and palaces. The use of arches allows for the creation of large, open spaces and is often combined with domes for aesthetic and structural purposes.
Other characteristics like adobe construction (typical in regions where adobe is available, such as North Africa) and flat roofs can also be found in various contexts within Islamic architecture, but they are not as universally defining as arches and domes.
- Windowless buildings: This is not a characteristic of Muslim architecture as a general principle. Many mosques and Islamic structures incorporate windows, often adorned with intricate lattice work to provide privacy, light, and ventilation.
In summary, the most defining characteristic from your list would be arches and domes.