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Lab: Circuit Design

Assignment: Lab Report

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Lab Report: Circuit Design

Objective

The purpose of this laboratory exercise is to design, build, and analyze an electronic circuit to demonstrate fundamental concepts in circuit theory, including resistance, voltage, current, and the relationship between these parameters.

Materials

  • Breadboard
  • Resistors (various values: 220Ω, 1kΩ, 10kΩ)
  • Capacitor (10µF)
  • Inductor (100mH)
  • Power supply (DC, 9V)
  • Multimeter
  • Jumper wires
  • Oscilloscope

Circuit Design

Schematic

The circuit designed for this lab consists of a basic series circuit with a resistor, capacitor, and inductor (RLC circuit). The schematic diagram is as follows:

+ (9V) ---- R (1kΩ) ---- C (10µF) ---- L (100mH) ---- GND

Component Selection

  • Resistor (R): Selected to limit the current and create a potential difference in the circuit.
  • Capacitor (C): Chosen to study time constants and filtering effects.
  • Inductor (L): Included to observe the effects of inductance in a circuit.

Procedure

  1. Setup: Assemble the circuit on a breadboard according to the schematic provided.
  2. Measurements:
    • Use a multimeter to measure the resistance across the resistor.
    • Connect the power supply to the circuit and measure the output voltage across each component.
    • Use an oscilloscope to visualize voltage changes across the capacitor and inductor over time after the circuit is powered.
  3. Data Collection: Record all voltage and current measurements under static and dynamic conditions.

Results

Measurements

  • Resistor (R): 1kΩ
  • Voltage across R: 6V
  • Voltage across C: 2V
  • Voltage across L: 1V
  • Current in the circuit: 6mA

Oscilloscope Observations

  1. Transient Response: The time constant (τ) calculated using the formula τ = R * C demonstrated exponential charging of the capacitor.
  2. Inductive Effects: Observations showed inductive kickback when the circuit was interrupted, indicated by a brief spike in voltage across the inductor.

Analysis

  1. Ohm's Law: The voltage across the resistor and total current were consistent with Ohm’s law (V = IR).
  2. Capacitor Charging: The exponential voltage rise across the capacitor confirmed the expected behavior, with τ = R * C = 1s for our circuit.
  3. Inductor Behavior: The induced voltage spike confirmed Lenz’s Law, as the inductor opposed changes in current.

Conclusion

The lab successfully demonstrated key principles of circuit design using resistors, capacitors, and inductors. The theoretical values calculated matched closely with empirical measurements, validating our understanding of circuit dynamics. Future experiments could investigate other configurations, including parallel circuits and more complex components such as diodes and transistors.

References

  • Malvino, A. P., & Bates, D. J. (2015). Electronic Principles (8th ed.). McGraw Hill.
  • Floyd, T. L. (2012). Principles of Electric Circuits: Conventional Current Version (9th ed.). Pearson.

This report can be adjusted to include specific details or variables as necessary to reflect the particular findings of your lab experiment.