Asked by Abdusemed Addisu
assignment (20%)Chapter Three: Logic and Language1. Why Cognitive (Informative) Function of language is useful for logic and logical arguments. (Write your answer in a maximum of 6 lines).2. Discuss the differences between precise and Lexical definitions. (Write your answer in a maximum of 5 lines).3. Why some terms don't have extensional meaning while all terms have intensional meaning? Discuss the implication of intensional and extensional meaning of words in logic. (Write your answer in a maximum of 7 lines).4. Why do we need to adhere to the rules of lexical definitions? (Write your answer in a maximum of 4 lines).5. Define the word "Philosophy" Precisely and persuasively.6. Define the words "University" and "Jimma University" by enumeration and subclass, respectively.7. Write an instance of definition of a term by Genus and Differentia.8. Define the term "pencil" by violating one of the lexical rules- one which is too broad9. Farmer means an industrious person and backbone of a country, sacrificing him/herself to serve the society. Which lexical rule is violated by this definition?10.Bird means an animal which is neither a mammal nor a reptile. Which lexical rule is violated by this definition?
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### Assignment: Chapter Three: Logic and Language
1. **Cognitive (Informative) Function of Language**: The cognitive function of language is pivotal for logic and logical arguments because it allows individuals to convey, exchange, and analyze information clearly and precisely. This function facilitates the articulation of premises and conclusions, enabling coherent reasoning and effective communication of complex ideas essential for rational discourse.
2. **Precise vs. Lexical Definitions**: Precise definitions aim to eliminate ambiguity and specify a term's exact meaning within a particular context, often utilizing technical language. In contrast, lexical definitions describe how a term is commonly understood within a language, reflecting everyday usage without necessarily providing clarity or specificity.
3. **Intensional vs. Extensional Meaning**: Some terms lack extensional meaning, which refers to the set of all specific entities the term applies to, because they may be abstract concepts or have no corresponding examples. However, all terms possess intensional meaning, which encompasses the inherent qualities or attributes associated with the term. In logic, the implications of these meanings are significant; understanding intensional meaning aids in the formulation of arguments, while the absence of extensional meaning highlights the complexity of certain concepts and their application in logical reasoning.
4. **Adhering to Lexical Definitions**: Adhering to the rules of lexical definitions is crucial to ensure clarity and consistency in communication. This adherence helps avoid misunderstandings and fosters effective dialogue, particularly in philosophical and logical discussions.
5. **Definition of Philosophy**: Philosophy is the systematic study of fundamental questions regarding existence, knowledge, values, reason, and the nature of reality, employing critical thinking and systematic inquiry to explore and analyze the principles underlying human thought and behavior.
6. **Definitions by Enumeration and Subclass**:
- **University**: A university is an institution that provides higher education and grants degrees, typically including: a faculty of arts, a faculty of sciences, a faculty of engineering, and a faculty of medicine.
- **Jimma University**: Jimma University is a specific institution of higher education located in Jimma, Ethiopia, offering various undergraduate and postgraduate programs in fields such as health sciences, business, and agriculture.
7. **Genus and Differentia Definition**: A "triangle" is a geometric shape (genus) that consists of three edges and three vertices (differentia).
8. **Definition of "Pencil" (Too Broad)**: A pencil is a writing instrument that can be used by anyone to create marks or drawings on any type of surface, including paper, stone, or water.
9. **Lexical Rule Violation**: The definition of a farmer as "an industrious person and backbone of a country, sacrificing him/herself to serve the society" violates the rule of clarity, as it introduces subjective and emotional language rather than providing a clear, objective definition.
10. **Lexical Rule Violation**: The definition of a bird as "an animal which is neither a mammal nor a reptile" violates the rule of specificity because it provides an exclusionary definition rather than identifying defining characteristics unique to birds, such as feathers or the ability to fly.
1. **Cognitive (Informative) Function of Language**: The cognitive function of language is pivotal for logic and logical arguments because it allows individuals to convey, exchange, and analyze information clearly and precisely. This function facilitates the articulation of premises and conclusions, enabling coherent reasoning and effective communication of complex ideas essential for rational discourse.
2. **Precise vs. Lexical Definitions**: Precise definitions aim to eliminate ambiguity and specify a term's exact meaning within a particular context, often utilizing technical language. In contrast, lexical definitions describe how a term is commonly understood within a language, reflecting everyday usage without necessarily providing clarity or specificity.
3. **Intensional vs. Extensional Meaning**: Some terms lack extensional meaning, which refers to the set of all specific entities the term applies to, because they may be abstract concepts or have no corresponding examples. However, all terms possess intensional meaning, which encompasses the inherent qualities or attributes associated with the term. In logic, the implications of these meanings are significant; understanding intensional meaning aids in the formulation of arguments, while the absence of extensional meaning highlights the complexity of certain concepts and their application in logical reasoning.
4. **Adhering to Lexical Definitions**: Adhering to the rules of lexical definitions is crucial to ensure clarity and consistency in communication. This adherence helps avoid misunderstandings and fosters effective dialogue, particularly in philosophical and logical discussions.
5. **Definition of Philosophy**: Philosophy is the systematic study of fundamental questions regarding existence, knowledge, values, reason, and the nature of reality, employing critical thinking and systematic inquiry to explore and analyze the principles underlying human thought and behavior.
6. **Definitions by Enumeration and Subclass**:
- **University**: A university is an institution that provides higher education and grants degrees, typically including: a faculty of arts, a faculty of sciences, a faculty of engineering, and a faculty of medicine.
- **Jimma University**: Jimma University is a specific institution of higher education located in Jimma, Ethiopia, offering various undergraduate and postgraduate programs in fields such as health sciences, business, and agriculture.
7. **Genus and Differentia Definition**: A "triangle" is a geometric shape (genus) that consists of three edges and three vertices (differentia).
8. **Definition of "Pencil" (Too Broad)**: A pencil is a writing instrument that can be used by anyone to create marks or drawings on any type of surface, including paper, stone, or water.
9. **Lexical Rule Violation**: The definition of a farmer as "an industrious person and backbone of a country, sacrificing him/herself to serve the society" violates the rule of clarity, as it introduces subjective and emotional language rather than providing a clear, objective definition.
10. **Lexical Rule Violation**: The definition of a bird as "an animal which is neither a mammal nor a reptile" violates the rule of specificity because it provides an exclusionary definition rather than identifying defining characteristics unique to birds, such as feathers or the ability to fly.
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