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What makes up the tertiary protein structure? sequence of amino acids local folding regions entire three-dimensional protein shape
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What makes up the tertiary protein structure? sequence of amino acids local folding regions entire three-dimensional protein shape
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GPT-4o mini
The tertiary protein structure refers to the overall three-dimensional shape of a protein that results from the folding of its polypeptide chain. This structure is determined by the interactions and bonds between the side chains (R groups) of the amino acids in the protein. These interactions can include:
1. **Hydrophobic interactions**: Nonpolar side chains tend to cluster together in the interior of the protein, away from the aqueous environment.
2. **Hydrogen bonds**: These can occur between polar side chains or between side chains and the backbone of the polypeptide.
3. **Ionic bonds (salt bridges)**: These occur between positively and negatively charged side chains.
4. **Disulfide bridges**: Covalent bonds that can form between the sulfhydryl groups of cysteine residues, providing stability to the protein structure.
In summary, the tertiary structure is the entire three-dimensional protein shape formed by the interactions and folding of the polypeptide chain, rather than just the sequence of amino acids or local folding regions.
1. **Hydrophobic interactions**: Nonpolar side chains tend to cluster together in the interior of the protein, away from the aqueous environment.
2. **Hydrogen bonds**: These can occur between polar side chains or between side chains and the backbone of the polypeptide.
3. **Ionic bonds (salt bridges)**: These occur between positively and negatively charged side chains.
4. **Disulfide bridges**: Covalent bonds that can form between the sulfhydryl groups of cysteine residues, providing stability to the protein structure.
In summary, the tertiary structure is the entire three-dimensional protein shape formed by the interactions and folding of the polypeptide chain, rather than just the sequence of amino acids or local folding regions.
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