Question
What is Sturm and Drang?
Answers
GPT-4o mini
Sturm und Drang, which translates to "Storm and Stress" in English, is a literary and artistic movement that emerged in Germany during the late 18th century, specifically around the 1760s to 1780s. It is characterized by its emphasis on emotion, individualism, and the glorification of nature, as well as a reaction against the rationalism and formalism of the Enlightenment period.
Key features of the Sturm und Drang movement include:
1. **Emotional Expression**: The movement celebrated intense emotional experiences and the expression of strong feelings, often in conflict with societal norms.
2. **Focus on the Individual**: It emphasized the importance of the individual and personal experience, advocating for self-expression and the exploration of the inner self.
3. **Nature**: The natural world was viewed as a source of inspiration and a refuge from the constraints of society.
4. **Rebellion against Tradition**: Artists and writers of this movement often rejected established rules and conventions in favor of more spontaneous and instinctive forms of creation.
5. **Themes of Conflict**: Sturm und Drang literature often explores themes of conflict—both internal (within the individual) and external (between the individual and society).
Prominent figures associated with the Sturm und Drang movement include playwright Friedrich Schiller, and poets such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, whose early works exemplify the movement's ideals. Though the movement itself was relatively short-lived, it laid the groundwork for later Romanticism and had a lasting impact on literature, music, and philosophy.
Key features of the Sturm und Drang movement include:
1. **Emotional Expression**: The movement celebrated intense emotional experiences and the expression of strong feelings, often in conflict with societal norms.
2. **Focus on the Individual**: It emphasized the importance of the individual and personal experience, advocating for self-expression and the exploration of the inner self.
3. **Nature**: The natural world was viewed as a source of inspiration and a refuge from the constraints of society.
4. **Rebellion against Tradition**: Artists and writers of this movement often rejected established rules and conventions in favor of more spontaneous and instinctive forms of creation.
5. **Themes of Conflict**: Sturm und Drang literature often explores themes of conflict—both internal (within the individual) and external (between the individual and society).
Prominent figures associated with the Sturm und Drang movement include playwright Friedrich Schiller, and poets such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, whose early works exemplify the movement's ideals. Though the movement itself was relatively short-lived, it laid the groundwork for later Romanticism and had a lasting impact on literature, music, and philosophy.