A stack of quarters could be used in an informal argument for the formula for the volume of a cylinder (Option #4).
This is because a stack of quarters can be visualized as a cylinder, where the height is the number of quarters stacked, and the base is the area of a quarter's circular face. The volume of a cylinder is calculated using the formula \( V = \pi r^2 h \), where \( r \) is the radius of the base (the quarter's radius) and \( h \) is the height of the stack (the thickness of the quarters combined).