The best answer is B. Atherosclerosis is characterized by plaque buildup.
Atherosclerosis is a specific form of arteriosclerosis that involves the buildup of plaques (fatty deposits) within the arterial walls, leading to narrowed and hardened arteries. Arteriosclerosis itself is a broader term referring to the thickening and stiffening of arteries in general, which can occur due to various reasons, including aging and other factors.