The difference between "¿Cómo está Raúl?" and "¿Cómo es Raúl?" lies in the aspect they inquire about:
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¿Cómo está Raúl? translates to "How is Raúl?" and refers to Raúl's current state or condition, such as his emotional or physical well-being at that moment.
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¿Cómo es Raúl? means "What is Raúl like?" and asks for a description of his inherent characteristics, personality traits, or general nature, regardless of the moment in time.
In summary, the former focuses on Raúl's present condition, while the latter focuses on his overall attributes.