The line that is perpendicular to the x-axis is the vertical line described by the equation \( x = 1 \).
To clarify:
- The x-axis is a horizontal line, and a line that is perpendicular to it must be vertical.
- The lines \( y = 1 \) and \( y = x \) are not vertical; the line \( y = 1 \) is horizontal and \( y = x \) has a slope of 1.
- The line \( x = -y \) is also not vertical; it has a slope of -1.
So, the correct answer is:
x = 1