Covalent bonds tend to make atoms more stable by helping them

Question

fill up their innermost electron shell.
fill up their outermost electron shell.
empty out their innermost electron shell.
empty out their outermost electron shell.

Answer 1

Covalent bonds tend to make atoms more stable by helping them fill up their outermost electron shell. This is because atoms generally seek to achieve a full outer shell of electrons, which is associated with greater stability (often referred to as achieving a noble gas configuration).