In the process of ecological succession following the abandonment of a concrete parking lot, the typical order of plant colonization would be as follows:
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Lichens - These are often the first organisms to colonize bare surfaces, as they can grow on rock and concrete, breaking down the substrate and contributing to soil formation.
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Grasses - After lichens have established a layer of soil, grasses are likely to follow, further stabilizing the soil and creating conditions more suitable for other plants.
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Scrubs - Once there is enough soil and organic matter, shrubs begin to establish themselves, as they can thrive in conditions with more moisture and nutrients.
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Trees - Finally, once the ecosystem is more developed and capable of supporting larger plants, trees will take root, completing the succession process.
So, the correct order is: Lichens → Grass → Scrubs → Trees.