The statement refers to abiotic factors, which are the non-living components of an ecosystem that affect living organisms and the environment. Sunlight and temperature are key abiotic factors that play a crucial role in various ecological processes and influence the distribution, behavior, and survival of different species.
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Sunlight: It is essential for photosynthesis, which is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, producing oxygen as a byproduct. The amount and intensity of sunlight can affect plant growth, flowering, and fruiting, as well as influence the behavior and distribution of herbivores and predators.
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Temperature: This affects metabolic rates in organisms, influencing growth, reproduction, and survival. Different species have varying temperature tolerances, which can determine their geographic distribution. For example, cold-blooded animals are highly dependent on environmental temperatures, while warm-blooded animals have more capacity to regulate their body heat.
Together, sunlight and temperature interact with other abiotic factors such as water, soil composition, and atmospheric pressure to shape ecosystems and influence biological communities.