The annexation of Hawaii by the United States in 1898 was the result of a series of events that unfolded over several decades. Here are three key points outlining the events leading up to the annexation:
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Economic Interests and the Sugar Industry: In the mid-19th century, American sugar planters in Hawaii sought to expand their markets. The U.S. imposed tariffs on sugar imports, which prompted Hawaii's sugar industry to lobby for annexation to gain duty-free access to the American market. The Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 allowed Hawaiian sugar to enter the U.S. without tariffs, further integrating the two economies.
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Overthrow of the Monarchy: In 1893, a group of American business interests and expatriates, supported by the U.S. government, orchestrated a coup that overthrew Queen Liliʻuokalani. This event was motivated by the desire of American planters to protect their economic interests and ensure political dominance in Hawaii. The new government, led by Sanford B. Dole, sought annexation to the United States.
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Territorial and Military Considerations: The strategic importance of Hawaii increased, particularly during the Spanish-American War in 1898. The U.S. recognized Hawaii's value as a coaling station and military base in the Pacific. After the war, the U.S. Congress passed the Newlands Resolution, officially annexing Hawaii on July 7, 1898, despite earlier opposition from some segments of the Hawaiian population and concerns over imperialism.
These events collectively illustrate the interplay of economic, political, and military factors that led to the annexation of Hawaii by the United States.
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