Which inference is valid?

Question

Responses
A In general, increasing sleep before a test leads to a lower test score.In general, increasing sleep before a test leads to a lower test score.
B In general, increasing sleep before a test leads to a higher test score.In general, increasing sleep before a test leads to a higher test score.
C When comparing two test scores, the person with the higher test score is always the person who had more hours of sleep.When comparing two test scores, the person with the higher test score is always the person who had more hours of sleep.
D Amount of sleep has no impact on test scores.

Answer 1

The valid inference based on general understanding of the relationship between sleep and cognitive performance is:

B: In general, increasing sleep before a test leads to a higher test score.

This option aligns with research suggesting that adequate sleep can improve focus, memory, and overall cognitive function, which can contribute to better performance on tests. The other options either state contradictory relationships, make absolute claims, or dismiss any impact of sleep entirely, which are not valid conclusions based on typical findings in this area.