The most accurate response is: They were made citizens but did not enjoy the full benefits of citizenship.
After the Civil War, former slaves were granted citizenship and the right to vote through the 14th and 15th Amendments, respectively. However, despite these legal rights, they faced significant social, economic, and political challenges, including discriminatory laws (such as Black Codes and Jim Crow laws) that severely limited their rights and opportunities. Thus, while they gained legal status, the reality of their situation often prevented them from fully enjoying the benefits of citizenship.