The statement that most accurately analyzes the similarities between the two waves of globalization is: "Transnational corporations accumulated disproportionate wealth in both waves."
This captures a key characteristic of both waves of globalization, as transnational corporations have played a significant role in shaping economic activity, often leading to wealth accumulation in their favor while impacting local economies.
The other statements may contain elements of truth in certain contexts, but they do not uniformly apply to both waves of globalization. For example, while globalization has contributed to poverty reduction in some areas, this is not universally the case, and the significance of agricultural products as a traded commodity has shifted over time. Similarly, the concept of neocolonial economies may apply differently in each wave.