Blasphemy is generally defined as the act of insulting or showing disrespect toward a deity or sacred things in a religious context. It can involve speaking or acting in a way that is considered irreverent or offensive to religious beliefs, doctrines, or figures. This definition aligns most closely with "religious insult and breach of doctrine."
In many religions, blasphemy can lead to severe penalties, including trials and persecution, reflecting the seriousness with which such offenses are treated.