Three Ways to Cause Acceleration:
-
Applying a Force: Using a push or pull (force) can change an object's velocity, leading to acceleration. For example, kicking a soccer ball gives it speed and direction, producing acceleration.
-
Changing Direction: An object moving in a circular path experiences a change in direction, which results in acceleration, even if its speed remains constant. For instance, a car turning around a curve is accelerating due to the change in direction.
-
Changing Speed: Increasing or decreasing the speed of an object causes acceleration. For example, pressing the gas pedal in a car accelerates the vehicle, while applying the brakes causes it to decelerate.
Time Periods for Acceleration and Deceleration:
-
Acceleration: An object has acceleration during any time period when a net force is applied that changes its speed or direction. For instance, if a car speeds up from a stop or takes a turn, it is accelerating during that time.
-
Deceleration: An object decelerates during any time period when it is slowing down. This happens when a force, such as friction or braking, reduces the speed of the object. For example, when a car approaches a red light and slows down, it is in a state of deceleration.