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Unit 4A Part 2: The Civil War and Reconstruction
Unit 4 Lesson 5: Growing Tensions
The Georgia Platform
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Who was involved?
- Political leaders from Georgia, including Alexander Stephens, as well as various Southern states and factions that supported the preservation of the Union while maintaining Southern rights.
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What happened? Summarize the event!
- The Georgia Platform was a declaration made in 1850 that outlined Georgia's position on issues related to slavery, states' rights, and the Union. It expressed conditional support for the Compromise of 1850 but emphasized the necessity of protecting Southern interests.
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Where did the event take place?
- Georgia, particularly in the context of political meetings and conventions held in the state.
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When did the event take place?
- Adopted in 1850.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- The Georgia Platform showcased the state's commitment to slavery and its tensions with the Northern states, reflecting the deeper ideological divides that would eventually lead to the Civil War.
Dred Scott Court Case
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Who was involved?
- Dred Scott, an enslaved African American; his owners; and the Supreme Court justices involved in the case.
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What happened? Summarize the event!
- In 1857, the Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott was not a citizen and therefore had no right to sue for his freedom. The court also declared that Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in the territories, further inflaming tensions between North and South.
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Where did the event take place?
- St. Louis, Missouri, and the Supreme Court in Washington, D.C.
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When did the event take place?
- The decision was issued on March 6, 1857.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- The Dred Scott decision intensified the sectional conflict and deeply affected Georgia and other Southern states' attitudes toward slavery and federal authority.
Unit 4 Lesson 6: Slavery in Georgia
Election of 1860
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Who was involved?
- Candidates including Abraham Lincoln, Stephen A. Douglas, John C. Breckinridge, and their supporters and voters across the United States, including Georgia.
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What happened? Summarize the event!
- The election resulted in Abraham Lincoln's victory without any Southern electoral votes, igniting fears in the South about the future of slavery.
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Where did the event take place?
- Nationwide, including Georgia where local elections and campaigns were held.
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When did the event take place?
- November 6, 1860.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- Lincoln's election was a pivotal moment leading to Southern secession, including Georgia's decision to leave the Union.
Unit 4 Lesson 8: The Arrival of the Civil War
Georgia’s Secession
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Who was involved?
- Georgia's state leaders, citizens, and many Southern states that were contemplating secession.
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What happened? Summarize the event!
- Georgia officially seceded from the Union on January 19, 1861, following intense debates and public sentiment favoring secession.
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Where did the event take place?
- In Georgia, specifically in the capital, Milledgeville.
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What region(s) of Georgia did the event take place in?
- Piedmont (Milledgeville).
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When did the event take place?
- January 19, 1861.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- Secession marked Georgia's full commitment to the Confederacy and set the stage for the state's involvement in the Civil War.
Unit 4 Lesson 9: The Civil War Rages On
The Civil War (focus on GEORGIA)
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Who was involved?
- Confederate and Union soldiers, state leaders, and civilians in Georgia.
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What happened? Summarize the event!
- Georgia played a crucial role in the Civil War, serving as a battleground for major military engagements, including the Battle of Atlanta.
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Where did the event take place?
- Throughout various locations in Georgia, notably Atlanta and Savannah.
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When did the event take place?
- 1861-1865.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- Georgia was a key site for military strategy and supplies during the war, and its battles significantly influenced the outcome of the war.
Andersonville
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Who was involved?
- Prisoners of war (mostly Union soldiers), Confederate guards, and the camp’s commandant, Henry Wirz.
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What happened? Summarize the event!
- Andersonville was a Confederate prison camp established in 1864 known for its horrific conditions, where thousands of Union soldiers died from disease and starvation.
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Where did the event take place?
- Andersonville, Georgia.
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When did the event take place?
- Established in 1864 and operational until the war's end in 1865.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- It symbolizes the brutal realities of war and the suffering endured by soldiers, while also highlighting the Confederate government's challenges in managing the war.
Unit 4 Lesson 11: Political Reconstruction
13th Amendment
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Who was involved?
- The U.S. Congress, President Abraham Lincoln, and various advocacy groups fighting for abolition.
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What happened? Summarize the event!
- The 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States, formally ending the legal institution of slavery.
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Where did the event take place?
- Ratified by Congress but applicable nationwide, including Georgia.
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When did the event take place?
- Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified later that year.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- The amendment had profound implications for the lives of formerly enslaved people in Georgia and transformed the social structure of the state.
14th Amendment
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Who was involved?
- U.S. Congress, the Reconstruction-era government, and citizens affected by citizenship laws.
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What happened? Summarize the event!
- The 14th Amendment granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. and provided equal protection under the laws.
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Where did the event take place?
- Nationwide, including Georgia.
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When did the event take place?
- Ratified on July 9, 1868.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- It aimed to protect the rights of freedmen and reshape the legal landscape of citizenship in Georgia and the South.
15th Amendment
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Who was involved?
- U.S. Congress, African American citizens, and those opposing their right to vote.
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What happened? Summarize the event!
- The 15th Amendment prohibits denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
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Where did the event take place?
- Nationwide, including Georgia.
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When did the event take place?
- Ratified on February 3, 1870.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- It established voting rights for African Americans, significantly impacting Georgia's political landscape during Reconstruction.
Founding of the Freedmen’s Bureau
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Who was involved?
- Federal government officials, African American citizens, and other community leaders.
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What happened? Summarize the event!
- Established in 1865, the Freedmen's Bureau aimed to assist newly freed slaves by providing food, housing, education, and medical care.
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Where did the event take place?
- Nationwide, including Georgia.
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When did the event take place?
- Established in March 1865.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- It played a crucial role in helping African Americans transition from slavery to freedom in Georgia, facilitating initial steps toward education and economic independence.
Founding of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
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Who was involved?
- Confederate veterans and white supremacists who formed the KKK after the Civil War.
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What happened? Summarize the event!
- The KKK was established in 1866 to terrorize and oppress African Americans and their allies through violence and intimidation, aiming to restore white supremacy.
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Where did the event take place?
- Originated in Pulaski, Tennessee, but quickly spread throughout the South, including Georgia.
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When did the event take place?
- Founded in 1866.
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Why is this event important or significant to Georgia’s history?
- The KKK's actions significantly affected race relations and civil rights in Georgia and the broader South for decades to come.
Removal of Black legislators from the Georgia General Assembly during Reconstruction
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Who was involved?
- Black legislators, white Southern Democrats, and federal authorities advocating for Reconstruction.
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What happened? Summarize the event!
- In 1868, a number of African American legislators were expelled from the Georgia General Assembly by white Democrats, undermining African American political power.
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Where did the event take place?
- Georgia, specifically in the state capital, Atlanta.
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What region(s) of Georgia did the event take place in?
- Piedmont (Atlanta).
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When did the event take place?
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- The removal of these legislators marked a significant setback for African American political representation and rights during Reconstruction, reflecting the struggle for racial equality in the state.
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