Gene expression is primarily influenced by several factors, including:
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Chemicals in the body: Various biochemical signals and environmental factors can affect gene expression by interacting with DNA or influencing the transcription process.
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Proteins involved in regulation: Transcription factors and other regulatory proteins play a crucial role in determining when and how genes are expressed.
While the brain and senescence (aging) can influence gene expression indirectly, the most direct factors listed are chemicals in the body and protein synthesis. If you have to select one answer for your question, "chemicals in the body" would be a more encompassing choice since it includes various signaling pathways that can impact gene expression directly.