Question

Magpies can form friendships with people – here's how Gisela Kaplan 2017 Question 28 Paragraphs 8-9 contribute to the development of ideas in the article by — A. supporting the idea that magpies are nonviolent birds. B. describing a situation in which a magpie was friendly toward a person. C. providing instructions for how a person can obtain a magpie's trust. D. comparing magpies' behavior to the behavior of other birds.

Answer 1

To determine the best answer for how paragraphs 8-9 contribute to the development of ideas in the article, let's analyze the options provided:

A. Supporting the idea that magpies are nonviolent birds. - This option could be relevant if the paragraphs discuss the peaceful nature of magpies, but without the specific content, it’s hard to confirm.

B. Describing a situation in which a magpie was friendly toward a person. - If the paragraphs contain a narrative or an example of a friendly interaction between a magpie and a person, this would help illustrate magpies' social nature and ability to form bonds with humans.

C. Providing instructions for how a person can obtain a magpie's trust. - If the paragraphs include practical advice or methods for building a relationship with a magpie, this would clearly align with this option.

D. Comparing magpies' behavior to the behavior of other birds. - If the paragraphs provide comparisons to other birds, it would contribute to understanding magpies' unique traits in a broader context.

Based on the analysis, if the paragraphs focus on an anecdote about a specific interaction showcasing a magpie's friendliness, then the best answer would likely be B. If the paragraphs focus on gaining a magpie's trust or trust-building techniques, then the best choice would be C. Without the exact text, it’s difficult to definitively choose, but make sure to refer back to the content for the most accurate understanding.

Answer 2

Magpies can form friendships with people – here's how Gisela Kaplan 2017 [1]Can one form a friendship with a magpie — even when adult males are protecting their nests during the swooping season? The short answer is: “Yes, one can.” Ravens and magpies are known to form powerful allegiances among themselves. In fact, Australia is thought to be a hotspot for cooperative behavior in birds worldwide. They like to stick together with family and mates. Of course, many bird species may readily become tame enough to take food from our hand, but this isn’t really “friendship.” However, there is evidence that, remarkably, free-living magpies can forge lasting relationships with people, even without depending on us for food or shelter. When magpies are permanently settled on human property, they are also far less likely to swoop the people who live there. Over 80% of all successfully breeding magpies live near human houses, which means the vast majority of people never get swooped. Also, since magpies can live between 25 and 30 years and are territorial, they can develop lifelong friendships with humans. This bond can extend to trusting certain people around their offspring. [5]A key reason why friendships with magpies are possible is that we now know that magpies are able to recognize and remember individual human faces for many years. They will remember someone who was good to them; equally, they remember negative encounters. Why become friends? Magpies that actively form friendships with people make this investment (from their point of view) for good reason. Properties suitable for magpies are hard to come by and the competition is fierce. Most magpies will not secure a territory — let alone breed — until they are at least five years old. In fact, only about 14% of adult magpies ever succeed in breeding. The difference between simply not swooping someone and a real friendship manifests in several ways. When magpies have formed an attachment, they will often show their trust, for example, by formally introducing their offspring. They may allow their chicks to play near people, not fly away when a resident human is approaching, and actually approach or roost near a human. In rare cases, they may even join in human activity. On one extraordinary occasion, an adult female magpie gingerly entered my house on foot, and hopped over to my desk where I was sitting. She watched me type on the keyboard and even looked at the screen. I had to get up to take a phone call and when I returned, the magpie had taken up a position at my keyboard, pecked the keys gently, and then looked at the “results” on the screen. The bird was curious about everything I did. She also wanted to play with me and found my shoelaces particularly attractive, pulling them and then running away a little only to return for another go. [10]Importantly, it was the bird that had begun to take the initiative and had chosen to socially interact and such behavior, as research has shown particularly in primates, is part of the basis of social bonds and friendships. Risky business If magpies can be so good with humans, how can one explain their swooping at people? It’s worth bearing in mind that swooping magpies do not act in aggression or anger but as nest defenders. The strategy they choose is based on risk assessment. A risk is posed by someone who is unknown and was not present at the time of nest building, which unfortunately is often the case in public places and parks. That person is then classified as a territorial intruder and thus a potential risk to their family. At this point the male guarding the nest performs a warning swoop, literally asking a person to step away from the nest area. If warnings are ignored, the adult male may try to conduct a near-contact swoop aimed at the head. Magpie swooping is generally a defensive action taken when someone unknown approaches who the magpie believes intends harm. It is not an arbitrary attack. When I was swooped for the first time in a public place, I slowly walked over to the other side of the road. Importantly, I allowed the male to study my face and appearance from a safe distance, so he could remember me in the future. This is a useful strategy since we now know that magpies remember human faces. [15]A sure way of escalating conflict is to fence them with a device like an umbrella or to run away at high speed. This approach may well confirm for the magpie that the person concerned is dangerous and needs to be fought with every available strategy. In dealing with magpies, de-escalating a perceived conflict is usually the best strategy. Question 28 Paragraphs 8-9 contribute to the development of ideas in the article by — A. supporting the idea that magpies are nonviolent birds. B. describing a situation in which a magpie was friendly toward a person. C. providing instructions for how a person can obtain a magpie's trust. D. comparing magpies' behavior to the behavior of other birds.

Answer 3

Based on the provided text, particularly focusing on paragraphs 8-9, the best answer for how these paragraphs contribute to the development of ideas in the article is B. describing a situation in which a magpie was friendly toward a person.

In these paragraphs, the author shares a specific, personal anecdote involving a female magpie that entered the author’s home and displayed curious and playful behavior, showcasing the friendly interaction between the magpie and the author. This effectively illustrates the possibility of forming a friendship with magpies, supporting the overall theme of the article.

While there may be elements of trust-building mentioned, which might lead one to consider option C, the primary focus is on the described friendly encounter, making option B the most accurate choice.

Answer 4

Magpies can form friendships with people – here's how Gisela Kaplan 2017 Question 29 What is the meaning of "arbitrary" in paragraph 13? A. avoidable B. intentional C. preventative D. random

Answer 5

In paragraph 13, the term "arbitrary" is used in the context of describing the behavior of swooping magpies. Typically, the word "arbitrary" means something that is based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system.

Given this context, the correct meaning of "arbitrary" in this case is D. random.

Answer 6

Magpies can form friendships with people – here's how Gisela Kaplan 2017 Question 30 Which quotation best explains why magpies are protective of their nests? A. "When magpies are permanently settled on human property, they are also far less likely to swoop the people who live there." (Paragraph 4) B. "The difference between simply not swooping someone and a real friendship manifests in several ways." (Paragraph 7) C. "Magpie swooping is generally a defensive action taken when someone unknown approaches who the magpie believes intends harm." (Paragraph 13) D. "When I was swooped for the first time in a public place, I slowly walked over to the other side of the road." (Paragraph 14)

Answer 7

The quotation that best explains why magpies are protective of their nests is:

C. "Magpie swooping is generally a defensive action taken when someone unknown approaches who the magpie believes intends harm." (Paragraph 13)

This quotation directly addresses the behavior of magpies swooping as a defensive mechanism to protect their nests from perceived threats, explaining the reason behind their protective actions.

Answer 8

Magpies can form friendships with people – here's how Gisela Kaplan 2017 Question 31 The author develops her point of view by describing — A. an experiment with magpies. B. her observations of magpies. C. other friendships across species. D. how taming magpies affects their behavior.

Answer 9

The best answer for how the author develops her point of view in the article is:

B. her observations of magpies.

The author shares personal anecdotes and observations, such as her interactions with magpies and specific behaviors she has witnessed, to illustrate her points about the friendships that can form between magpies and people. This approach helps convey her perspective on the nature of these relationships.

Answer 10

Magpies can form friendships with people – here's how Gisela Kaplan 2017 Question 32 Which quotation best shows how a person should respond to a swooping magpie? A. "The bird was curious about everything I did. She also wanted to play with me and found my shoelaces particularly attractive" (Paragraph 9) B. "If warnings are ignored, the adult male may try to conduct a near-contact swoop aimed at the head." (Paragraph 13) C. "I allowed the male to study my face and appearance from a safe distance" (Paragraph 14) D. "A sure way of escalating conflict is to fence them with a device like an umbrella or to run away at high speed." (Paragraph 15)

Answer 11

The quotation that best shows how a person should respond to a swooping magpie is:

C. "I allowed the male to study my face and appearance from a safe distance" (Paragraph 14).

This quote demonstrates a calm and cautious approach that is recommended for dealing with swooping magpies, emphasizing the importance of allowing the bird to recognize and remember the person's face, which can help de-escalate the situation.