Huh? g is not 9.8 on Earth.
the acceleration at Earth's surface is 9.8m/s^2. The gravitational field at Earth is 9.8N/kg
Why that number? The mass of the Earth, and the diameter of Earth determine it.
g=G*MassEarth/radiusEarth^2
Why is 9.8 used as g on Earth but nowhere else in the solar system? Explain.
2 answers
Because of the affect gravity and the atmosphere on Earth which is currently unique in the solar system.