The phenotype ratio is the relative frequency of different phenotypes (observable traits or characteristics) in a population resulting from a specific genetic cross or breeding experiment. This ratio can be derived from a Punnett square or a genetic cross analysis.
For example, in a simple monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (e.g., Aa × Aa) for a trait with complete dominance, the typical phenotype ratio for the offspring would be 3:1. This means that, out of a total of 4 offspring, you would expect 3 individuals to express the dominant phenotype and 1 individual to express the recessive phenotype.
In a dihybrid cross involving two traits (e.g., AaBb × AaBb), the phenotypic ratio typically observed among the offspring is 9:3:3:1, representing the combinations of the two traits.
Phenotype ratios can vary based on several factors, including dominance relationships among alleles, epistasis, and environmental influences.
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