Biodegradable Plastic Bags, Not So Biodegradable"

by Vicky Stein

The average person uses a typical plastic bag for as short a time as 12 minutes before throwing it away, never thinking of where it may end up.

Yet once consigned to a landfill, that standard grocery store tote takes hundreds or thousands of years to break down — much more than a human lifetime. Bags make up an alarming amount of the plastic found in whale stomachs or bird nests, and it’s no wonder — globally, we use between 1 and 5 trillion plastic bags each year.

Biodegradable plastic bags are marketed as more eco-friendly solutions, able to break down into harmless material more quickly than traditional plastics. One company claims their shopping bag “will degrade and biodegrade in a continuous, irreversible and unstoppable process” if it ends up as litter in the environment.

In a study published this week in Environmental Science and Technology, researchers put supposedly eco-friendly bags made from vario

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us biodegradable materials to the test in real-world conditions. They wanted to determine whether these bags indeed decomposed as promised when exposed to natural environments, like soil and water.

The study revealed that many biodegradable plastic bags did not break down as expected. In laboratory conditions, some bags showed signs of degradation, but when placed in real-world environments, the degradation process was significantly slower. Some bags remained intact after several months of exposure, raising questions about their true environmental impact. The researchers found that while some of these bags may eventually break down, the timeframe could still span years or even decades.

Moreover, the study highlighted that certain biodegradable materials can release microplastics during the degradation process, contributing further to plastic pollution. This finding suggests that while biodegradable bags may have some advantages over traditional plastics, they are not a panacea for the plastic waste crisis.

The marketing of biodegradable bags often leads consumers to believe they are making an environmentally sound choice when, in reality, the bags may still contribute to the ongoing problem of plastic pollution. The researchers emphasized the importance of proper waste management and recycling systems over relying solely on biodegradable options.

In conclusion, while biodegradable plastic bags may offer a more sustainable alternative to traditional plastic bags, the current evidence suggests they are not the complete solution that consumers often hope for. As society seeks to reduce its reliance on plastic, it’s essential to evaluate all alternatives critically and focus on reducing plastic use at the source rather than simply switching to supposedly greener options.