To analyze the statements, we need to consider the mass of both objects (the log weighing 40 kg and the ball weighing 5 kg) as well as their inertia and friction when moving.
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The log will require less force to move than the ball - This statement is false. Generally, a heavier object (like the log) will require more force to overcome static friction and start moving compared to a lighter object (like the ball).
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It will be harder to move the ball a long distance - This statement is also misleading. The log, being heavier, will generally require more force to maintain motion, especially over any distance, assuming coefficients of friction are similar. However, if the question is about initiating movement, moving the ball might be easier.
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If an equal force is applied to both objects, the ball will move farther - This statement is true. Since the ball is significantly lighter than the log, if you apply the same force to both, the ball will accelerate more (according to Newton's second law, \( F = ma \)), resulting in it moving farther than the log when an equal force is applied.
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If an equal force is applied to both objects, the log will move faster - This statement is false. As previously mentioned, the ball will accelerate more than the log when the same force is applied due to its lower mass.
Therefore, the true statement is: If an equal force is applied to both objects, the ball will move farther.