In considering back-end aspects of software applications, the relevant choices would be:
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Database programming and storage - This is a core back-end component as it involves the management and retrieval of data.
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Communication protocols - This pertains to how data is transmitted between the client and server and is also a back-end concern.
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Servers in the Cloud - Back-end systems often rely on cloud servers for hosting applications and data storage.
The following options are not back-end considerations:
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User interface - This is typically a front-end concern as it deals with how users interact with the application.
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Client concerns like operating system and device - These are also primarily front-end considerations since they relate to the client's environment and how the application is accessed.
So, the correct back-end considerations are:
- Database programming and storage
- Communication protocols
- Servers in the Cloud