To find out how many more people live in China than in India, we need to calculate the difference between their populations.
China's population: \(1.45 \times 10^9\)
India's population: \(1,400,000,000 = 1.4 \times 10^9\)
Now, we subtract India's population from China's population:
\[ 1.45 \times 10^9 - 1.4 \times 10^9 = (1.45 - 1.4) \times 10^9 = 0.05 \times 10^9 \]
To express \(0.05 \times 10^9\) in scientific notation:
\[ 0.05 \times 10^9 = 5 \times 10^{-2} \times 10^9 = 5 \times 10^{7} \]
So, the number of people by which China’s population exceeds India's population is \(5 \times 10^7\).
Therefore, the correct response is \(5 \times 10^{7}\).
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